COVID-19 tanısı almış hastalarda 6 aylık izlemde beyana dayalı anksiyete ve depresyon varlığı ve ilişkili faktörler: Prospektif Kohort Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 152 - 164, 23.08.2023

Neslişah Şiyve Ahmet Naci Emecen Salih Keskin Ecem Başoğlu Şensoy Öykü Turunç Ahmet Furkan Süner Can Cimilli Belgin Ünal

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1166269

Öz

Giriş: COVID-19'un uykusuzluk, depresyon ve anksiyete gibi semptomlara ve hastalıklara neden olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışma, altı aylık takip süresinde COVID-19 hastaları arasında endişeli veya depresif hissetme prevalansını ve bunun başlangıçtaki bağımsız faktörlerle ilişkisini tanımlamayı amaçladı.

Yöntem: Bu prospektif kohort çalışmasına, 1 Kasım 2020 ile 31 Mayıs 2021 tarihleri ​​arasında Türkiye'de Dokuz Eylül Üniversite Hastanesi'nde SARS-CoV-2 testi pozitif çıkan 18 yaş ve üstü hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılarla tanı sonrası 1., 3. ve 6. aylarda telefon görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkeni, EQ-5D-3L genel yaşam kalitesi ölçeğine dayalı olarak kendi bildirdiği orta veya şiddetli anksiyete veya depresyondur. SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonundan sonra endişeli ve depresif hissetmekle ilişkili faktörleri belirlemek için genelleştirilmiş tahmin denklemleri kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Toplam 5446 hasta çalışmaya katılmayı kabul etti. Tanı sonrası 1., 3. ve 6. aylarda kaygılı veya depresif hissetme sıklığı sırasıyla %18.5, %17.9 ve %15.4 idi. İleri yaş (≥65 yaş; olasılık oranı-OR:1,17, %95 güven aralığı-GA: 0,95-1,44), kadın cinsiyet (OR:1,76 (1,58-1,96), kötü ekonomik durum (OR: 1,62 (1,34-1,97) )), daha fazla semptoma sahip (4-5, OR:1.48 (1.21-1.81); ≥5, OR:1.65 (1.35-2.01)), daha fazla altta yatan sağlık sorunu (1-2, OR:1.35 (1.19-1.54) ); ≥3: OR:1.50 (1.13-1.99)), yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış (OR: 2.58 (1.70-3.90)), kişinin bildirdiği anksiyete ve depresyon ile ilişkiliydi.

Sonuç: COVID-19 hastalarında anksiyete ve depresyon duyguları yaygındır ve uzun vadede devam edebilir. Çalışmamızda, anksiyete ve depresyon cinsiyet, ekonomik durum ve hastalık şiddeti ile ilişkiliydi. COVID-19 sonrası anksiyete ve depresyona yatkın grupların belirlenmesi, erken teşhis ve ruhsal bakım hizmetlerinin başlatılması için yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

post-COVID, anksiyete, depresyon, kohort

Self-reported anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients within six months of follow-up: A prospective cohort study

Öz

Objective: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported moderate or severe anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients during a six-month follow-up and to identify associated baseline factors.

Methods: The study included patients aged ≥18 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Turkey, between November 2020 and May 2021. Telephone interviews were conducted at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months post-diagnosis to assess feelings of anxiety and depression using the EQ-5D-3L scale. Generalized estimating equations were employed to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression after infection.

Results: A total of 5446 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of feeling anxious or depressive at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months post-diagnosis was 18.5%, 17.9%, and 15.4%, respectively. Several factors were associated with self-reported anxiety or depression: Older age (≥65 years; OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.95-1.44), female gender (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58-1.96), unfavourable economic status (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.34-1.97), more symptoms (4-5, OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.21-1.81; ≥5, OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.35-2.01), having multiple underlying health conditions (1-2, OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.19-1.54; ≥3: OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13-1.99), and intensive care unit admission (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.70-3.90).

Conclusion: COVID-19 patients commonly experience anxiety or depression, which may persist long-term. Gender, economic status, and disease severity play significant roles in their psychological well-being. Identifying vulnerable groups can be instrumental in early diagnosis and provision of targeted mental care services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Long COVID, Anxiety, Depression, Cohort Studies

Kaynakça

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