Biomolecules in electrochemical sensing: A concise overview and recent advances in two key analytical fields

Rebeca Rosas; Javier Ernesto Vilasó Cadre; Humberto Montaño Tello; Iván Alejandro Reyes-Domínguez; Juan Santiago Hidalgo Viteri; Yajaira Estefanía Trujillo Arcos

Biomolecules in electrochemical sensing: A concise overview and recent advances in two key analytical fields

Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors are electroanalytical sensors that use biomolecules as recognition elements. These devices can be constructed using enzymes, nucleic acids, aptamers, pili, and other biomolecules. Unlike sensors based on nanomaterials, biosensors can be highly specific due to the nature of the interactions that enable recognition and sensing. These interactions are specific due to the chemical composition and three-dimensional structure. Biosensors are a rapidly growing field within modern electroanalysis closely related to clinical analysis and environmental pollution control. These are two fields in which biosensors are widely used, given the complex nature of the samples, which makes interfering species likely. Biosensors are a promising tool for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases as well as for quantifying heavy metals and pesticides in water and soil. The latter is closely related to mining, metallurgy, and agriculture. In general, biosensors show promise for point-of-care diagnosis and for achieving sustainable development goals related to clean ecosystems and sustainable industry. This paper presents a concise overview of the nature of the main biomolecules used in electrochemical biosensing and some recent advances in the fields of clinical diagnostics and environmental pollutant detection. This paper is intended to serve as a quick and up-to-date guide on the development of biosensors for two of the most important fields of application of analytical chemistry.

Keywords

enzyme , aptamer , antibody , biosensor , electrochemistry , clinical samples , environmental samples

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Environmental Biotechnology Diagnostics (Incl. Biosensors) , Sensor Technology

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Rebeca Rosas
0000-0001-7415-4000
Mexico

Javier Ernesto Vilasó Cadre ^*
0000-0001-5172-7136
Mexico

Humberto Montaño Tello
0000-0001-7103-875X
Mexico

Iván Alejandro Reyes-Domínguez
0000-0002-6154-8294
Mexico

Juan Santiago Hidalgo Viteri
0000-0002-6535-7954
Ecuador

Yajaira Estefanía Trujillo Arcos
0009-0000-4002-7986
Ecuador

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

November 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 8, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 2 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA42NA24DY

APA

Rosas, R., Vilasó Cadre, J. E., Montaño Tello, H., Reyes-Domínguez, I. A., Hidalgo Viteri, J. S., & Trujillo Arcos, Y. E. (2025). Biomolecules in electrochemical sensing: A concise overview and recent advances in two key analytical fields. Turkish Journal of Sensors and Biosensors, 2(2), 5-17. https://izlik.org/JA42NA24DY

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