Research Article

Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology

Volume: 10 Number: 2 October 24, 2026

Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology

Abstract

Clove oil is a water-insoluble substance commonly used in fish anesthesia, usually diluted in ethanol. Due to the lipophilic nature of clove oil, the use of ethanol to dissolve it can cause adverse effects such as tissue irritation and stress in fish, necessitating the investigation of alternative dispersing agents. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of using Tween 20, a non-ionic surfactant, instead of ethanol in clove oil anesthesia, on anesthesia induction and recovery phases, as well as its potential histopathological effects on the liver, kidneys, and gills. Materials and Methods In this study, a total of 21 Carassius auratus fish were divided into three equal groups of seven fish each. The groups were: Control group with no treatment; Tween 20+clove oil group anesthetized with 100 mg/L clove oil dissolved in 0.1% Tween 20; and an Ethyl alcohol+clove oil group anesthetized with 100 mg/L clove oil prepared by dissolving it in ethyl alcohol. Results Recovery times from anesthesia were found to be significantly longer in the Tween 20 group compared to the alcohol group. In our study, hyperemia and focal cellular infiltration in the liver, and hyperemia in the kidneys and gills were observed in the alcohol-clove oil combination. In the Tween 20 group, hyperemia occured less frequently, and histopathological damage was reduced. Conclusion Because the fish recovers quickly after surgery or measurement and minimizes the risk of post-anesthetic death, the alcohol-clove oil combination offers a clinically safer option for short-term routine procedures; however, due to causing less histopathological damage, the Tween 20+ clove oil formulation suggests that it can be safely used in long and extensive surgical procedures.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program [project number 1919B012429021].

Project Number

1919B012429021

Ethical Statement

The present study was conducted in accordance with Ethics Committee Decision taken at the meeting of Siirt University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (Ethics Approval No: 2025/46).

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Histology and Embryology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 24, 2026

Submission Date

August 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Pekince Özöner, M., Babacan, B. E., & Özöner, Ö. (2026). Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.2010004
AMA
1.Pekince Özöner M, Babacan BE, Özöner Ö. Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology. TJVR. 2026;10(2). doi:10.47748/tjvr.2010004
Chicago
Pekince Özöner, Merve, Bahadır Emin Babacan, and Özgür Özöner. 2026. “Comparison of Ethanol and Tween 20 As Solubilizers in Clove Oil Anesthesia of Carassius Auratus on Anesthetic Stages and Histopathology”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10 (2). https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.2010004.
EndNote
Pekince Özöner M, Babacan BE, Özöner Ö (October 1, 2026) Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10 2
IEEE
[1]M. Pekince Özöner, B. E. Babacan, and Ö. Özöner, “Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology”, TJVR, vol. 10, no. 2, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.47748/tjvr.2010004.
ISNAD
Pekince Özöner, Merve - Babacan, Bahadır Emin - Özöner, Özgür. “Comparison of Ethanol and Tween 20 As Solubilizers in Clove Oil Anesthesia of Carassius Auratus on Anesthetic Stages and Histopathology”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 10/2 (October 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.2010004.
JAMA
1.Pekince Özöner M, Babacan BE, Özöner Ö. Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology. TJVR. 2026;10. doi:10.47748/tjvr.2010004.
MLA
Pekince Özöner, Merve, et al. “Comparison of Ethanol and Tween 20 As Solubilizers in Clove Oil Anesthesia of Carassius Auratus on Anesthetic Stages and Histopathology”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 10, no. 2, Oct. 2026, doi:10.47748/tjvr.2010004.
Vancouver
1.Merve Pekince Özöner, Bahadır Emin Babacan, Özgür Özöner. Comparison of ethanol and tween 20 as solubilizers in clove oil anesthesia of carassius auratus on anesthetic stages and histopathology. TJVR. 2026 Oct. 1;10(2). doi:10.47748/tjvr.2010004