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Balancing Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Peer-to-Peer Approaches to Sustaining Distance Training

Year 2006, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 144 - 153, 01.09.2006

Abstract

Many distance training case studies identify distance training leadership as bottom-up, whereas much of the literature suggests a need for strategic, top-down approaches. With change management as an overarching framework, approaches to sustaining distance training that originate at different levels of the organization are explored. Special attention is paid to the content of the change messages involved, guided by Rogers’ five attributes of innovations. Research of change management and distance training literature suggests a combination of approaches that should fit the organizational culture as well as correctly address genuine concerns at the various organizational levels. A properly balanced approach could lead to new levels of communication and understanding in a learning organization and to distance training being sustained as a business process.

References

  • BARRON, T. (2000, December). Getting IT support for elearning. Training & Development, 37.
  • BATES, A. W. (2000). Managing technological change: Strategies for college and university leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • BERGE, Z. L. (Ed.). (2001). Sustaining distance training: Integrating learning technologies into the fabric of the enterprise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • BERGE, Z.L., Bichy, C., Grayson, C., Johnson, A., Macadoff, S., & Nee, K. (2005). Where does work end and home life begin? In P. Rogers, C. Howard, J. Boettcher, L. Justice, K. Schenk,
  • & G. Berg (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Distance Learning. Hershey, PA USA: Idea Group, Inc. pp: 2043.
  • BERGE, Z. L., & Kearsley, G. (2003, November-December). The sustainability of distance training: Follow-up to case studies. The Technology Source. Last accessed July 23, 2005, at http://www.wisc.edu/depd/html/TSarticles/Sustainability.htm.
  • Clark, R., & Kwinn, A. (2005, June). Aligning training to business results. T+D, 34-39.
  • CONÉ, J. (2000, June). How Dell does it. Training & Development, 58-70.
  • ELLSWORTH, J. B., & Iorizzo, L. J. Jr. (2001). Distance training at the U.S. Army Intelligence
  • Center. In Z. L. Berge (Ed.), Sustaining distance training: Integrating learning technologies into the fabric of the enterprise.. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. (pp. 31-47). KRAMLINGER, T. (1998, April). How to deliver a change message. Training & Development, 47.
  • LEWIS, N. J., & Orton, P. (2000, June). The five attributes of innovative elearning. Training & Development, 47-51.
  • MACKENZIE-ROBB, L. (2004). E-learning and change management–the challenge. Retrieved
  • June 28, 2005, http://www.vantaggio-learn.com/Vantaggio_CM.htm. MAURER, R. (2001). http://www.refresher.com/ resistancematters.html.
  • Why resistance matters. Retrieved July 1, 2005, from
  • MEISTER, J. C. (2000, June). The CEO-driven learning culture. Training & Development, 52
  • MILLER, N. A. S. (1992, November). Toward a common vision: The change process in practice. Educational Technology, 58-62.
  • NICKOLS, F. (2004). Change management 101: A primer. Retrieved June 19, 2005, from http://home.att.net/%7Enickols/change.htm.
  • ROGERS, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations [5th ed.]. New York: Free Press.
  • ROSENBERG, M. J. (2001). E-Learning: Strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age. New-York: McGraw-Hill.
  • SCHNEIDER, W. E. (2002). Why good management ideas fail – the neglected power of organizational culture http://www.refresher.com/ neglected. Retrieved July 1, 2005.
  • SCHREIBER, D. A. (1998). Organizational technology and its impact on distance training. In
  • D.A. Schreiber and Z.L. Berge (Eds.) Distance Training: How Innovative Organizations are Using Technology to Maximize Learning and Meet Business Objectives. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers. pp: 3-18. SENGE, P. M. (1994). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization.
  • New York: Currency Doubleday. SENGE, P. M. (1996). Leading learning organizations: the bold, the powerful, and the invisible [electronic version]. Retrieved June 23, 2005 from http://www.solonline.org/repository/download/1-LdngLrngOrgs- Druckr.doc?item_id=363266
  • TAIT, A. (2002). The convergence of distance and conventional education: some implications for policy. In A. Tait & R. Mills (Eds.), The convergence of distance and conventional education: Patterns of flexibility for the individual learner. London: Routledge. (pp. 141-149).
  • TAKIYA, S., Archbold, J., & Berge, Z. L. (2005, April). Flexible training’s intrusion on work/life balance. The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 6(2). Retrieved April , 2005 from http://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr/tojde18/articles/article5.htm.
  • TOBIN, D. R. (1998a). Correcting functional myopia. Retrieved July 8, 2005, from http://www.tobincls.com/myopia.htm.
  • TOBIN, D. R. (1998b). The fallacy of ROI calculations. Retrieved July 1, 2005, from http://www.tobincls.com/fallacy.htm.
  • WERNER, T. (n.d.). Change management and elearning. Retrieved June 21, 2005, from http://www.brandon-hall.com/whitpaponcha.html.
Year 2006, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 144 - 153, 01.09.2006

Abstract

References

  • BARRON, T. (2000, December). Getting IT support for elearning. Training & Development, 37.
  • BATES, A. W. (2000). Managing technological change: Strategies for college and university leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • BERGE, Z. L. (Ed.). (2001). Sustaining distance training: Integrating learning technologies into the fabric of the enterprise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • BERGE, Z.L., Bichy, C., Grayson, C., Johnson, A., Macadoff, S., & Nee, K. (2005). Where does work end and home life begin? In P. Rogers, C. Howard, J. Boettcher, L. Justice, K. Schenk,
  • & G. Berg (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Distance Learning. Hershey, PA USA: Idea Group, Inc. pp: 2043.
  • BERGE, Z. L., & Kearsley, G. (2003, November-December). The sustainability of distance training: Follow-up to case studies. The Technology Source. Last accessed July 23, 2005, at http://www.wisc.edu/depd/html/TSarticles/Sustainability.htm.
  • Clark, R., & Kwinn, A. (2005, June). Aligning training to business results. T+D, 34-39.
  • CONÉ, J. (2000, June). How Dell does it. Training & Development, 58-70.
  • ELLSWORTH, J. B., & Iorizzo, L. J. Jr. (2001). Distance training at the U.S. Army Intelligence
  • Center. In Z. L. Berge (Ed.), Sustaining distance training: Integrating learning technologies into the fabric of the enterprise.. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. (pp. 31-47). KRAMLINGER, T. (1998, April). How to deliver a change message. Training & Development, 47.
  • LEWIS, N. J., & Orton, P. (2000, June). The five attributes of innovative elearning. Training & Development, 47-51.
  • MACKENZIE-ROBB, L. (2004). E-learning and change management–the challenge. Retrieved
  • June 28, 2005, http://www.vantaggio-learn.com/Vantaggio_CM.htm. MAURER, R. (2001). http://www.refresher.com/ resistancematters.html.
  • Why resistance matters. Retrieved July 1, 2005, from
  • MEISTER, J. C. (2000, June). The CEO-driven learning culture. Training & Development, 52
  • MILLER, N. A. S. (1992, November). Toward a common vision: The change process in practice. Educational Technology, 58-62.
  • NICKOLS, F. (2004). Change management 101: A primer. Retrieved June 19, 2005, from http://home.att.net/%7Enickols/change.htm.
  • ROGERS, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations [5th ed.]. New York: Free Press.
  • ROSENBERG, M. J. (2001). E-Learning: Strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age. New-York: McGraw-Hill.
  • SCHNEIDER, W. E. (2002). Why good management ideas fail – the neglected power of organizational culture http://www.refresher.com/ neglected. Retrieved July 1, 2005.
  • SCHREIBER, D. A. (1998). Organizational technology and its impact on distance training. In
  • D.A. Schreiber and Z.L. Berge (Eds.) Distance Training: How Innovative Organizations are Using Technology to Maximize Learning and Meet Business Objectives. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers. pp: 3-18. SENGE, P. M. (1994). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization.
  • New York: Currency Doubleday. SENGE, P. M. (1996). Leading learning organizations: the bold, the powerful, and the invisible [electronic version]. Retrieved June 23, 2005 from http://www.solonline.org/repository/download/1-LdngLrngOrgs- Druckr.doc?item_id=363266
  • TAIT, A. (2002). The convergence of distance and conventional education: some implications for policy. In A. Tait & R. Mills (Eds.), The convergence of distance and conventional education: Patterns of flexibility for the individual learner. London: Routledge. (pp. 141-149).
  • TAKIYA, S., Archbold, J., & Berge, Z. L. (2005, April). Flexible training’s intrusion on work/life balance. The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 6(2). Retrieved April , 2005 from http://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr/tojde18/articles/article5.htm.
  • TOBIN, D. R. (1998a). Correcting functional myopia. Retrieved July 8, 2005, from http://www.tobincls.com/myopia.htm.
  • TOBIN, D. R. (1998b). The fallacy of ROI calculations. Retrieved July 1, 2005, from http://www.tobincls.com/fallacy.htm.
  • WERNER, T. (n.d.). Change management and elearning. Retrieved June 21, 2005, from http://www.brandon-hall.com/whitpaponcha.html.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gertrude Dudınk This is me

Zane Berge This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2006
Submission Date February 27, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dudınk, G., & Berge, Z. (2006). Balancing Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Peer-to-Peer Approaches to Sustaining Distance Training. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 7(3), 144-153.