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THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL SCHOOLING IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR

Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 78 - 86, 11.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.93317

Abstract

K-12 online distance education is growing rapidly and many organizations focus on virtual schooling in Canada. The centre for Distance Learning and Innovation (CDLI) was established in 2000 in Newfoundland and Labrador and has been offering numerous opportunities to rural high school students through online distance education. In this paper, the authors have outlined the historical development of distance education in Newfoundland and Labrador. The concept of distance education in NL is not a new phenomenon. It can be traced back in 1930s. Since then, several efforts have been made to enhance equality of educational opportunities to rural students. Despite the tremendous impact that the CDLI has had on distance education few related research documents or associated scholarly articles exist. At the end of the article some recommendations are made to improve virtual schooling in the province.

References

  • Barbour, M. K. (2005). From telematics to web based: the progression of distance education in Newfoundland and Labrador. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(6),1055-1058.
  • Barbour, M. K. (2007). Portrait of rural virtual schooling. Canadian Journal of Educational administration and Policy, 59,1-21.
  • Barbour, M. K. (2008). Portrait of rural virtual schooling. Canadian Journal of Educational
  • Administration and Policy, 76(3), 7. Barbour, M. K.,& Mulcahy, D. M.(2009). Beyond volunteerism and good will: Examining the commitment of school-based teachers to distance education In I. Gibson et al. (Eds.),
  • Proceedings of the annual conference of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education (779-784). Norfolk, VA: AACE. Barbour, M. K., & Reeves, T. C. (2009). The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature. Computers & Education, 52(2), 402-416. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2008.09.009
  • Barbour, M.K. (2013). State of the nation: K-12 online learning in Canada. Retrieved from http://www.openschool.bc.ca/pdfs/state_of_nation-2013.pdf
  • Boone, W. (2010). The evolution of e-learning in small rural schools in Newfoundland and Labrador. 1-80. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/killick/documents/Evolution_ E_Learning_NL.pdf
  • Burke, V. (1935). Statistical report of the Bureau of Education for the fiscal years ended June , 1931, 1932, 1933. St. John's, Newfounland, department of Education. Retrieved from http://collections.mun.ca/PDFs/cns_tools/StatisticalReportoftheBureauofEducation193119 pdf
  • Cavanaugh, C. & Clark, T. (2007). The landscape of K-12 online learning. In Cavanaugh, C. &
  • Blomeyer, B. (Eds.), What works in K-12 online learning. Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education. Compton, L. K. L., Davis, N., & Mackey, J. (2009). Field experience in virtual schools-to be there virtuality. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 17(4), 459.
  • Crocker, R. (2007). Distance learning: Access and outcomes. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/killick/documents/TrendsReport_Draft2.pdf de la Varre, C., Keane, J., & Irvin, M. J. (2011). Dual perspectives on the contribution of on- site facilitators to teaching presence in a blended learning environment. Journal of Distance Education, 25(3).
  • Department of Education. (1938). Annual report of the department of education, 1938 St. John's (N.L.).
  • Department of Education. (1950). Annual report of the department of education, 1950 St. John's (N.L.).
  • Department of Education. (1957). Annual report of the department of education, 1957 St. John's (N.L.).
  • Dodd, C., Kirby, D., Seifert, T. & Sharpe, D. (2009). The impact of high school distance e- learning on rural students’ university achievement and persistence. Online Journal of
  • Distance Learning Administration, 12 (1). Education Statistics (2011/12). Department of Education, Government of and Labrador. Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/publications/k12/stats/ index.html#1112 Newfoundland
  • Johnson, T. (2011). Perceptions of distance education in Newfoundland and Labrador: 1999- 1-80. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/killick/reports_papers/Historical_Study. pdf
  • Mulcahy, D. M. (2002). Re-conceptualizing distance education: Implications for the rural schools of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Morning Watch, 30(1-2). Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/educ/faculty/mwatch/fall02/Mulcahy.htm
  • Mulcahy, D. M. (2007). Current issues in rural education in Newfoundland and Labrador.
  • Education in Rural Australia,17 (1), 17-39. Murphy, E., Rodriguez-Manzanares, M. & Barbour, M. (2011). Asynchronous and synchronous online teaching: Perspectives of Canadian high school distance education teachers.
  • Journal of Educational Technology, 42(4). British Noseworthy, R. P.(1997). The school car. Whitbourne, Newfoundland: R.P.N. Publishing
  • Press, H., Galway, G., & Collins, A. (2003). Maintaining quality programming in rural
  • Newfoundland and Labrador: A case study in policy and structural change. Education Canada, (3), 20-23, 38-39. Rice, K. (2012). Making the move to K-12 online teaching. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Riggs, F. T. (1987). Report of the small schools study project. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador: Queen’s Printer.
  • Roblyer, M. D. (2005). Who plays well in the virtual sandbox? Characteristics of successful online students and teachers. SIGTel Bulletin, (2).
  • Saqlain, N. (2013). From Railcars to Virtual Schooling: A History of Distance Education and E
  • Learning in Newfoundland and Labrador. The Morning Watch, 41 (1-2), 1-9. Saqlain, N. (2014). Actualizing Virtual Teaching. The Morning watch, 42 (1-2), 1-6.
  • Sheppard, B., Boone, W. & Stevens, K. (2001). Information technology, innovation and success in a small rural school. The Alberta Teachers' Association Magazine, 82 (2).
  • Sparkes, R. & Williams, L. (2000).Supporting learning: ministerial panel on educational delivery inthe classroom. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador: Queen’s Printer.
  • Stevens, K. (2006). Rural schools as regional centres of e-learning and the management of digital knowledge: The case of Newfoundland and Labrador. International Journal of
  • Education & Development using Information & Communication Technology, 2(4), 119-127. Stevens, K. (2007). The development of virtual educational environments to support inter- school collaboration. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 29-37.
  • Warren, P. (1967/1968). Report of the Royal Commission on Education and Youth.
  • Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Zucker, A. A., & Kozma, R. (2003). The virtual high school: Teaching generation V. Teachers College Press.
Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 78 - 86, 11.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.93317

Abstract

References

  • Barbour, M. K. (2005). From telematics to web based: the progression of distance education in Newfoundland and Labrador. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(6),1055-1058.
  • Barbour, M. K. (2007). Portrait of rural virtual schooling. Canadian Journal of Educational administration and Policy, 59,1-21.
  • Barbour, M. K. (2008). Portrait of rural virtual schooling. Canadian Journal of Educational
  • Administration and Policy, 76(3), 7. Barbour, M. K.,& Mulcahy, D. M.(2009). Beyond volunteerism and good will: Examining the commitment of school-based teachers to distance education In I. Gibson et al. (Eds.),
  • Proceedings of the annual conference of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education (779-784). Norfolk, VA: AACE. Barbour, M. K., & Reeves, T. C. (2009). The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature. Computers & Education, 52(2), 402-416. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2008.09.009
  • Barbour, M.K. (2013). State of the nation: K-12 online learning in Canada. Retrieved from http://www.openschool.bc.ca/pdfs/state_of_nation-2013.pdf
  • Boone, W. (2010). The evolution of e-learning in small rural schools in Newfoundland and Labrador. 1-80. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/killick/documents/Evolution_ E_Learning_NL.pdf
  • Burke, V. (1935). Statistical report of the Bureau of Education for the fiscal years ended June , 1931, 1932, 1933. St. John's, Newfounland, department of Education. Retrieved from http://collections.mun.ca/PDFs/cns_tools/StatisticalReportoftheBureauofEducation193119 pdf
  • Cavanaugh, C. & Clark, T. (2007). The landscape of K-12 online learning. In Cavanaugh, C. &
  • Blomeyer, B. (Eds.), What works in K-12 online learning. Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education. Compton, L. K. L., Davis, N., & Mackey, J. (2009). Field experience in virtual schools-to be there virtuality. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 17(4), 459.
  • Crocker, R. (2007). Distance learning: Access and outcomes. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/killick/documents/TrendsReport_Draft2.pdf de la Varre, C., Keane, J., & Irvin, M. J. (2011). Dual perspectives on the contribution of on- site facilitators to teaching presence in a blended learning environment. Journal of Distance Education, 25(3).
  • Department of Education. (1938). Annual report of the department of education, 1938 St. John's (N.L.).
  • Department of Education. (1950). Annual report of the department of education, 1950 St. John's (N.L.).
  • Department of Education. (1957). Annual report of the department of education, 1957 St. John's (N.L.).
  • Dodd, C., Kirby, D., Seifert, T. & Sharpe, D. (2009). The impact of high school distance e- learning on rural students’ university achievement and persistence. Online Journal of
  • Distance Learning Administration, 12 (1). Education Statistics (2011/12). Department of Education, Government of and Labrador. Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/publications/k12/stats/ index.html#1112 Newfoundland
  • Johnson, T. (2011). Perceptions of distance education in Newfoundland and Labrador: 1999- 1-80. Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/killick/reports_papers/Historical_Study. pdf
  • Mulcahy, D. M. (2002). Re-conceptualizing distance education: Implications for the rural schools of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Morning Watch, 30(1-2). Retrieved from http://www.mun.ca/educ/faculty/mwatch/fall02/Mulcahy.htm
  • Mulcahy, D. M. (2007). Current issues in rural education in Newfoundland and Labrador.
  • Education in Rural Australia,17 (1), 17-39. Murphy, E., Rodriguez-Manzanares, M. & Barbour, M. (2011). Asynchronous and synchronous online teaching: Perspectives of Canadian high school distance education teachers.
  • Journal of Educational Technology, 42(4). British Noseworthy, R. P.(1997). The school car. Whitbourne, Newfoundland: R.P.N. Publishing
  • Press, H., Galway, G., & Collins, A. (2003). Maintaining quality programming in rural
  • Newfoundland and Labrador: A case study in policy and structural change. Education Canada, (3), 20-23, 38-39. Rice, K. (2012). Making the move to K-12 online teaching. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Riggs, F. T. (1987). Report of the small schools study project. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador: Queen’s Printer.
  • Roblyer, M. D. (2005). Who plays well in the virtual sandbox? Characteristics of successful online students and teachers. SIGTel Bulletin, (2).
  • Saqlain, N. (2013). From Railcars to Virtual Schooling: A History of Distance Education and E
  • Learning in Newfoundland and Labrador. The Morning Watch, 41 (1-2), 1-9. Saqlain, N. (2014). Actualizing Virtual Teaching. The Morning watch, 42 (1-2), 1-6.
  • Sheppard, B., Boone, W. & Stevens, K. (2001). Information technology, innovation and success in a small rural school. The Alberta Teachers' Association Magazine, 82 (2).
  • Sparkes, R. & Williams, L. (2000).Supporting learning: ministerial panel on educational delivery inthe classroom. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador: Queen’s Printer.
  • Stevens, K. (2006). Rural schools as regional centres of e-learning and the management of digital knowledge: The case of Newfoundland and Labrador. International Journal of
  • Education & Development using Information & Communication Technology, 2(4), 119-127. Stevens, K. (2007). The development of virtual educational environments to support inter- school collaboration. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 29-37.
  • Warren, P. (1967/1968). Report of the Royal Commission on Education and Youth.
  • Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Zucker, A. A., & Kozma, R. (2003). The virtual high school: Teaching generation V. Teachers College Press.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nadeem Saqlaın

Publication Date January 11, 2016
Submission Date January 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Saqlaın, N. (2016). THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL SCHOOLING IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 17(1), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.93317