Signaling Principles in Interactive Learning Media through Expert's Walkthrough

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 147 - 162, 01.10.2018

Derlina Derlına Juhriyansyah Dalle Sutarto Hadı Ariffin Abdul Mutalıb Candra Sumantrı

https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.471911

Cited By: 2

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of signaling principles upon the effective use of interactive learning media. Normally, designers just design and develop learning media for use in schools without considering the way it eases users’ tasks. Bearing in mind that signaling users while they are learning through interactive learning media is important, this study incorporates signaling principles while designing it. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the appropriate signaling principles for learning media from experts’ perspective. The Iterative Triangulation Methodology was applied to achieve the aim. Altogether, activities were carried out in three phases: requirement analysis, design and development of the prototype, and expert evaluation using a walkthrough. Results revealed that although the prototype was designed by involving users, experts still discovered a number of flaws in the exercises as a result of not properly applying the signaling principles.

Keywords

Signaling, principles, interactive, application

References

• Aksoy, G. (2012). The Effects of Animation Technique on the 7th Grade Science and Technology Course. Creative Education. June 2012. Vol.3, No.3, 304-308. doi:10.4236/ce.2012.33048. Al-Aidaroos, A. S. A., & Mutalib, A. A. (2015). Personal digital mutawwif: A multi-modal mobile hajj assistance using the location-based services. Jurnal Teknologi. 77(29). 15-20. Amadieu, F., Marine, C., & Laimay, C. (2011). The attention-guiding effect and cognitive load in the comprehension of animations. Computers in Human Behavior. 27(1). 36-40. Austin, K. A. (2009). Multimedia learning: Cognitive individual differences and display design techniques predict transfer learning with multimedia learning modules. Computers and Education. 53(4). 1339-1354. Aziz, N., Roseli, N. H. M., & Mutalib, A. A. (2011). Visually impaired children’s acceptance on assistive 160 Aziz, N., Mutalib, A. A., & Sarif, S.M. (2017). User experience of interactive Assistive Courseware for Low Vision learners (AC4LV): Initial round. TEM Journal. 6(3). 488-496. Baharuddin, & Dalle, J. (2017). Interactive courseware for supporting learners competency in practical skills. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology. 16(3). 87-98. Baygin, M., Yetis, H., Karakose, M., & Akin, E. (2016). An effect analysis of industry 4.0 to higher education. The 15th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, ITHET. 7760744. Blackmon, M. H., Polson, P. G., Muneo, K., & Lewis, C. (2002). Cognitive Walkthrough for the Web. CHI 2002. 4(1). 463-470. Butcher, K. R. (2006). Integrating Visual and Verbal Knowledge During Classroom Learning with Computer Tutors. ([e-mail]). Butcher, K. R. (2014). The multimedia principle in multimedia learning. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press Carter, D. (2017). Creativity in action – the information professional is poised to exploit the fourth industrial revolution: The business information survey 2017. Business Information Review. 34(3). 122-137. Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S.-J.-H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). An Augmented Reality-based Mobile Learning System to Improve Students’ Learning achievements and Motivations in Natural Science Inquiry Activities. Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 352–365. Chiapetta, & Koballa (2006). Science Instruction in the Middle and Secondary Schools: Developing Fundamental Knowledge and Skills for Teaching, sixth edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Clark, R. C. (2014). Multimedia Principles in e-Courses. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cooper, A., Reimann, R. Cronin, D., & Noessel, C. (2014). About Face: The Essentials of Interaction Design, 4th Ed. Wiley. Dolhalit, M. L., Salam, S. N. A., Mutalib, A. A., &Yusoff, M. S. B. (2017). Towards the development of Persuasive Multimedia Model of Truancy Awareness (PMTA): Review of research. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 12(16). 4215- 4221 Doyan, A., & Sukmantara, I. K. Y. (2014). The Development of Physics Intranet Web to Improve the Concept Comprehension and Problem Solving Skills of the Students of SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 10 (2), 117-127. doi: 10.15294/jpfi.v10i2.3348. Elkabani, I., & Zantout, R. (2015). A framework for helping the visually impaired learn and practice math. 2015 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Accessibility, ICTA 2015 Fautch, J. M. (2015). The Flipped classroom for teaching organic chemistry in small classes: Is it effective? Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 16(1), 179- 186. doi:10.1039/c4rp00230j. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind. New York: Basic Book Inc. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice, NY. Basic book 161 Karajeh, W., Hamtini, T., & Hamdi, M. (2016). Designing and implementing an effective Courseware for the Enhancement of e-learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. 11(4). 70-76. Li, G., Hou, Y., & Wu, A. (2017). Fourth Industrial Revolution: technological drivers, impacts and coping methods. Chinese Geographical Science. 24(7). 626-637. Mautone, P. D., & Mayer, R. E. (2001). Signaling as a cognitive guide in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology. 93. 377-389. Mayer, R. E., & DaPra, C. S. (2012). An embodiment effect in computer-based learning with animated pedagogical agent. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18, 239-252. Mayer, R. E., Heiser, H., & Lonn, S. (2001). Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning: When presenting more material results in less understanding. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 187-198. Mayer, R. E. (2017). Using multimedia for e-learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 33(5). 403-423. Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd ed). New York: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, R. E. (2011). Applying the science of learning. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Mayer, R. E. (2014). Principles based on social cues: Personalization, voice, image, and embodiment principles. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mayer, R. E., & Fiorella, L. (2014). Principles for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning: Coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial contiguity, and temporal contiguity principles. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mayhew, D. J. (1999). The Usability Engineering Lifecycle. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco Mohd, C. K. N. C. K., & Shahbodin, F. (2016). Design and development of a multimedia courseware using personalized learning environment approach for nutrition topic. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 11(18). 10714-10720. Munadi, Y. (2008). Learning Media - A New Approach. Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press. Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. Preece, J., Sharp, H., & Rogers, Y. (2015). Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Compter Interaction 4th Ed. Wiley. Schneiderman, B., Plaisant, C., Cohen, M., Jacobs, S., Elmqvist, N., & Diakopoulos, N. (2016). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, 6th Ed. University of Maryland. Sweller, J., Ayres, P., & Kalyuga, S. (2011). Cognitive load theory. New York: Springer Stankova, E. N., Barmasov, A. V.. Dyachenko, N. V.. Bukina, M. N., Barmasova, A. M., & Yakovleva, T. Y. (2016). The use of computer technology as a way to increase efficiency of teaching physics and other natural sciences.Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). 9789, 581-594. Toenders, F. G. C., De Putter-Smits, L. G. A., Sanders, W. T. M., & Den Brok, P. (2017). Improving physics teaching materials on sound for visually impaired students in high school. Physics Education. 52(5) Tomita, K. (2017). Does the Visual Appeal of Instructional Media Affect Learners’ Motivation Toward Learning? TechTrends. 1-10. 162 Tosho, A., Mutalib, A. A., & Abdul-Salam, S. N. (2016). Conceptual design model of instructional interfaces: Courseware for inclusive education system (IID4C) distance learning. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 14 (4), pp. 68-82. Ward, J. (2016). Are you ready for the fourth industrial revolution? Australian Mining. 108(11). 36-37. Walsh, T., Petrie, H., & Odutola, O. (2014). Developing interactive systems for different cultures: Issues of assessing user experience with visual materials. Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2014, pp. 470-479.