Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 1 - 20, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1097449

Abstract

References

  • Alfassi, M. (2004). Reading to learn: Effects of combined strategy instruction on high school students. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(4), 171-185.
  • Bishop, P. A., Reyes, C., & Pflaum, S. W. (2006). Read smarter, not harder: Global reading comprehension strategies. The Reading Teacher, 60(1), 66-69.
  • Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2012). Complete IELTS bands 5 – 6.5. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bruce, M. E., and Chan, L. K. (1991). Reciprocal teaching and transenvironmental programming: a program to facilitate the reading comprehension of students with reading difficulties. Remedial and Special Education, 12(5), 44-53.
  • Budd, J. W. (2004). Mind maps as classroom exercises. The Journal of Economic Education, 35(1), 35-46.
  • Carrell, P. L. (1989). Metacognitive awareness and second language reading. TESOL Quarterly, 73,121-134.
  • Cotterall, S. (1990). Developing reading strategies through small group interaction. RELC Journal, 21(2), 55-59.
  • Cotterall, S. (1993). Reading strategy training in second language contexts: Some caveats. Aral, 16(1), 71-82.
  • De Gagne, J. C., Hall, K., Conklin, J. L., Yamane, S. S., Roth, N. W., Chang, J., & Kim, S. S. (2019). Uncovering cyberincivility among nurses and nursing students on Twitter: A data mining study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 89, 24-31.
  • Doff, A., Thaine, C., Puchta, H., Lewis-Jones, P., & Stranks, J. (2015). Cambridge English empower upper intermediate student's book. Cambridge University Press.
  • Dole, J. A., Brown, K. J., & Trathen, W. (1996). The effects of strategy instruction on the comprehension performance of at‐risk students. Reading Research Quarterly, 31(1), 62-88.
  • Dokur, K. (2017). The impact of reciprocal teaching strategies on language proficiency of young EFL learners (Master of Arts Thesis). Retrieved from The Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre. (Accession No: 459947)
  • Doolittle, P. E., Hicks, D., Triplett, C. F., Nichols, W. D., & Young, C. A. (2006). Reciprocal teaching for reading comprehension in higher education: A strategy for fostering the deeper understanding of texts. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17(2), 106-118.
  • Garner, R. (1987). Metacognition and reading comprehension. Ablex Publishing.
  • Godfroid, A., and Spino, L. A. (2015). Reconceptualizing reactivity of think‐alouds and eye tracking: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Language Learning, 65(4), 896-928.
  • Gersten, R., Fuchs, L. S., Williams, J. P., and Baker, S. (2001). Teaching reading comprehension strategies to students with learning disabilities: a review of research. Review of educational research, 71(2), 279-320.
  • Gilroy, A., & Moore, D. W. (1988). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension‐fostering and comprehension‐monitoring activities with ten primary school girls. Educational Psychology, 8(1-2), 41-49.
  • Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language moving from theory to practice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gruenbaum, E. A. (2012). Common literacy struggles with college students: Using the reciprocal teaching technique. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 42(2), 109-116.
  • Hong-Nam, K., & Leavell, A. G. (2011). Reading strategy instruction, metacognitive awareness, and self-perception of striving college developmental readers. Journal of College Literacy and Learning, 37, 3-17.
  • Hyönä, J., Lorch, R. F., Jr., & Rinck, M. (2003). Eye movement measures to study global text processing. In J. Hyönä, R. Radach, & H. Deubel (Eds.), The mind’s eye: cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (pp. 313-334). Elsevier.
  • Janzen, J. (2002). Teaching strategic reading. In J. C. Richards and W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: an anthology of current practice (pp. 287-294). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaakinen, J. K., and Hyönä, J. (2005). Perspective effects on expository text comprehension: evidence from think-aloud protocols, eyetracking, and recall. Discourse Processes, 40(3), 239-257.
  • Kaçar, H. (2018). Validating multiple-text reading tasks in foreign language proficiency tests through verbal protocols and eye tracking (Master of Arts Thesis). Retrieved from The Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre. (Accession No: 497291)
  • Kelly, M., Moore, D. W., & Tuck, B. F. (1994). Reciprocal teaching in a regular primary school classroom. The Journal of Educational Research, 88(1), 53-61.
  • Klingner, J. K., and Vaughn, S. (1996). Reciprocal teaching of reading comprehension strategies for students with learning disabilities who use English as a second language. The Elementary School Journal, 96(3), 275-293.
  • Koda, K. (2005). Insights into second language reading: A cross-linguistic approach. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lysynchuk, L. M., Pressley, M., and Vye, N. J. (1990). Reciprocal teaching improves standardized reading-comprehension performance in poor comprehenders. Elementary School Journal, 90, 471-484.
  • Mokhtari, K., and Reichard, C. A. (2002). Assessing students' metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(2), 249.
  • O'Neil, K. E. (2011). Reading pictures: developing visual literacy for greater comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 65(3), 214-223.
  • Palincsar, A. S., and Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.
  • Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1986). Interactive teaching to promote independent learning from text. The Reading Teacher, 39(8), 771-777.
  • Pilten, G. (2016). The evaluation of effectiveness of reciprocal teaching strategies on comprehension of expository texts. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(10), 232-247.
  • Prichard, C., and Atkins, A. (2016). Evaluating L2 readers’ previewing strategies using eye tracking. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 16(2), 110-130.
  • Rinehart, S. D., Gerlach, J. M., Wisell, D. L., and Welker, W. A. (1998). Would I like to read this book?: eighth graders’ use of book cover clues to help choose recreational reading. Literacy Research and Instruction, 37(4), 263-280.
  • Salatacı, R., and Akyel, A. (2002). Possible effects of strategy instruction on L1 and L2 reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14(1), 1-17.
  • Slater, W. H., & Horstman, F. R. (2002). Teaching reading and writing to struggling middle school and high school students: The case for reciprocal teaching. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 46(4), 163-166.
  • Song, M. J. (1998). Teaching reading strategies in an ongoing EFL university reading classroom. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 8(1), 41-54.
  • Spörer, N., Brunstein, J. C., and Kieschke, U. L. F. (2009). Improving students' reading comprehension skills: effects of strategy instruction and reciprocal teaching. Learning and Instruction, 19(3), 272-286.
  • Westera, J., & Moore, D. W. (1995). Reciprocal teaching of reading comprehension in a New Zealand high school. Psychology in the Schools, 32(3), 225-232.
  • Zare, P., & Othman, M. (2013). The relationship between reading comprehension and reading strategy use among Malaysian ESL learners. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(13), 187-193.

THE EFFECTS OF STRATEGY TRAINING ON THE USE OF GLOBAL READING STRATEGIES: IMPLICATIONS FROM THINK-ALOUD AND EYE-TRACKING DATA

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 1 - 20, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1097449

Abstract

Considering the critical role of readings strategies in L2 reading this study aimed to investigate the impact of strategy training on Turkish EFL learners’ use of global reading strategies. 23 freshmen, enrolled in the ELT Department, participated in the study, and the data were collected through eye tracking and thinkaloud protocols. The results are encouraging for the use of reciprocal teaching, one of the comprehensionenhancing approaches to teach reading, in the EFL contexts. Eye tracking results, hand in hand with the think-aloud protocols’ findings, revealed that the participants utilised global reading strategies more frequently to a statistically significant degree after the strategy instruction. Thus, it was concluded that strategy training was useful for the participants to improve their use of global reading strategies, and a recent technological tool can be purposefully integrated into the data collection procedure of educational research studies. Pedagogical implications on the strategy training for the employment of global reading strategies that would help students improve reading skills need to be given attention by teachers.

References

  • Alfassi, M. (2004). Reading to learn: Effects of combined strategy instruction on high school students. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(4), 171-185.
  • Bishop, P. A., Reyes, C., & Pflaum, S. W. (2006). Read smarter, not harder: Global reading comprehension strategies. The Reading Teacher, 60(1), 66-69.
  • Brook-Hart, G., & Jakeman, V. (2012). Complete IELTS bands 5 – 6.5. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bruce, M. E., and Chan, L. K. (1991). Reciprocal teaching and transenvironmental programming: a program to facilitate the reading comprehension of students with reading difficulties. Remedial and Special Education, 12(5), 44-53.
  • Budd, J. W. (2004). Mind maps as classroom exercises. The Journal of Economic Education, 35(1), 35-46.
  • Carrell, P. L. (1989). Metacognitive awareness and second language reading. TESOL Quarterly, 73,121-134.
  • Cotterall, S. (1990). Developing reading strategies through small group interaction. RELC Journal, 21(2), 55-59.
  • Cotterall, S. (1993). Reading strategy training in second language contexts: Some caveats. Aral, 16(1), 71-82.
  • De Gagne, J. C., Hall, K., Conklin, J. L., Yamane, S. S., Roth, N. W., Chang, J., & Kim, S. S. (2019). Uncovering cyberincivility among nurses and nursing students on Twitter: A data mining study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 89, 24-31.
  • Doff, A., Thaine, C., Puchta, H., Lewis-Jones, P., & Stranks, J. (2015). Cambridge English empower upper intermediate student's book. Cambridge University Press.
  • Dole, J. A., Brown, K. J., & Trathen, W. (1996). The effects of strategy instruction on the comprehension performance of at‐risk students. Reading Research Quarterly, 31(1), 62-88.
  • Dokur, K. (2017). The impact of reciprocal teaching strategies on language proficiency of young EFL learners (Master of Arts Thesis). Retrieved from The Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre. (Accession No: 459947)
  • Doolittle, P. E., Hicks, D., Triplett, C. F., Nichols, W. D., & Young, C. A. (2006). Reciprocal teaching for reading comprehension in higher education: A strategy for fostering the deeper understanding of texts. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17(2), 106-118.
  • Garner, R. (1987). Metacognition and reading comprehension. Ablex Publishing.
  • Godfroid, A., and Spino, L. A. (2015). Reconceptualizing reactivity of think‐alouds and eye tracking: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Language Learning, 65(4), 896-928.
  • Gersten, R., Fuchs, L. S., Williams, J. P., and Baker, S. (2001). Teaching reading comprehension strategies to students with learning disabilities: a review of research. Review of educational research, 71(2), 279-320.
  • Gilroy, A., & Moore, D. W. (1988). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension‐fostering and comprehension‐monitoring activities with ten primary school girls. Educational Psychology, 8(1-2), 41-49.
  • Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language moving from theory to practice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gruenbaum, E. A. (2012). Common literacy struggles with college students: Using the reciprocal teaching technique. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 42(2), 109-116.
  • Hong-Nam, K., & Leavell, A. G. (2011). Reading strategy instruction, metacognitive awareness, and self-perception of striving college developmental readers. Journal of College Literacy and Learning, 37, 3-17.
  • Hyönä, J., Lorch, R. F., Jr., & Rinck, M. (2003). Eye movement measures to study global text processing. In J. Hyönä, R. Radach, & H. Deubel (Eds.), The mind’s eye: cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (pp. 313-334). Elsevier.
  • Janzen, J. (2002). Teaching strategic reading. In J. C. Richards and W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: an anthology of current practice (pp. 287-294). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaakinen, J. K., and Hyönä, J. (2005). Perspective effects on expository text comprehension: evidence from think-aloud protocols, eyetracking, and recall. Discourse Processes, 40(3), 239-257.
  • Kaçar, H. (2018). Validating multiple-text reading tasks in foreign language proficiency tests through verbal protocols and eye tracking (Master of Arts Thesis). Retrieved from The Council of Higher Education Thesis Centre. (Accession No: 497291)
  • Kelly, M., Moore, D. W., & Tuck, B. F. (1994). Reciprocal teaching in a regular primary school classroom. The Journal of Educational Research, 88(1), 53-61.
  • Klingner, J. K., and Vaughn, S. (1996). Reciprocal teaching of reading comprehension strategies for students with learning disabilities who use English as a second language. The Elementary School Journal, 96(3), 275-293.
  • Koda, K. (2005). Insights into second language reading: A cross-linguistic approach. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lysynchuk, L. M., Pressley, M., and Vye, N. J. (1990). Reciprocal teaching improves standardized reading-comprehension performance in poor comprehenders. Elementary School Journal, 90, 471-484.
  • Mokhtari, K., and Reichard, C. A. (2002). Assessing students' metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(2), 249.
  • O'Neil, K. E. (2011). Reading pictures: developing visual literacy for greater comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 65(3), 214-223.
  • Palincsar, A. S., and Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.
  • Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1986). Interactive teaching to promote independent learning from text. The Reading Teacher, 39(8), 771-777.
  • Pilten, G. (2016). The evaluation of effectiveness of reciprocal teaching strategies on comprehension of expository texts. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(10), 232-247.
  • Prichard, C., and Atkins, A. (2016). Evaluating L2 readers’ previewing strategies using eye tracking. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 16(2), 110-130.
  • Rinehart, S. D., Gerlach, J. M., Wisell, D. L., and Welker, W. A. (1998). Would I like to read this book?: eighth graders’ use of book cover clues to help choose recreational reading. Literacy Research and Instruction, 37(4), 263-280.
  • Salatacı, R., and Akyel, A. (2002). Possible effects of strategy instruction on L1 and L2 reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14(1), 1-17.
  • Slater, W. H., & Horstman, F. R. (2002). Teaching reading and writing to struggling middle school and high school students: The case for reciprocal teaching. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 46(4), 163-166.
  • Song, M. J. (1998). Teaching reading strategies in an ongoing EFL university reading classroom. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 8(1), 41-54.
  • Spörer, N., Brunstein, J. C., and Kieschke, U. L. F. (2009). Improving students' reading comprehension skills: effects of strategy instruction and reciprocal teaching. Learning and Instruction, 19(3), 272-286.
  • Westera, J., & Moore, D. W. (1995). Reciprocal teaching of reading comprehension in a New Zealand high school. Psychology in the Schools, 32(3), 225-232.
  • Zare, P., & Othman, M. (2013). The relationship between reading comprehension and reading strategy use among Malaysian ESL learners. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(13), 187-193.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozlem Utku Bılıcı This is me 0000-0001-7978-9195

Gonca Subası 0000-0001-7049-5940

Emrah Dolgunsoz This is me 0000-0002-1277-2177

Publication Date July 1, 2023
Submission Date April 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Utku Bılıcı, O., Subası, G., & Dolgunsoz, E. (2023). THE EFFECTS OF STRATEGY TRAINING ON THE USE OF GLOBAL READING STRATEGIES: IMPLICATIONS FROM THINK-ALOUD AND EYE-TRACKING DATA. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 24(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1097449

Cited By

Translanguaging learning strategies (TLS)
Chinese Language and Discourse. An International and Interdisciplinary Journal
https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.24005.zha