Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 163 - 177, 01.07.2023
Mai Thi Truc Le
,
Khue Van Tran
References
- Aji, W. K., Ardin, H., & Arifin, M. A. (2020). Blended learning during pandemic corona virus: Teachers’ and students’ perceptions. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 8(2), 632-646. https://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1696
- Aljuaid, H. (2021). Online learning of English language courses via blackboard at Saudi universities during Covid-19: Challenges and difficulties. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 18(3), 780-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2021.18.3.3.780
- Almaleki, D. A., Alhajaji, R. A., & Alharbi, M. A. (2021). Measuring students' interaction in distance learning through the electronic platform and its impact on their motivation to learn during Covid-19 crisis. International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security, 21(5), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.5.16
- Alolaywi, Y. (2021). Learning in crisis: An investigation of Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian EFL Journal, 28(2.3), 98-119. https://www.elejournals.com/asian-efl-monthly-editions/aej-monthly-edition-2021/volume-28-issue-2-3-april-2021/
- Asian Development Bank. (2021). Learning and earning losses from Covid-19 school closures in developing Asia: Special topic of the Asian development outlook 2021. https://think-asia.org/handle/11540/13607
- Bakhurst, D. (2009). Reflections on activity theory. Educational review, 61(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910902846916
- Berry, S. (2019). The role of video and text chat in a virtual classroom: How technology impacts community. In J. Yoon (Ed.), Educational Technology and Resources for Synchronous Learning in Higher Education (pp. 173-187). IGI Global. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7567-2.ch009
- Bower, M. (2019). Technology‐mediated learning theory. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 1035-1048. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12771
- Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Cakrawati, L. M. (2017). Students’ perceptions on the use of online learning platforms in EFL classroom. ELT Tech: Journal of English Language Teaching and Technology, 1(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.17509/elt%20tech.v1i1.9428
- Carrier, M., Damerow, R. M., & Bailey, K. M. (2017). Digital language learning and teaching: Research, theory, and practice. Taylor & Francis.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson
- Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
- Dahmash, N. (2020). I couldn’t join the session’: Benefits and challenges of blended learning amid Covid-19 from EFL students. International Journal of English Linguistics, 10(5), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p221
- Denscombe, M. (2010). The good research guide for a small-scale social research projects (4th ed.). Open University Press.
- Dinh, L. P., & Nguyen, T. T. (2020). Pandemic, social distancing, and social work education: Students’ satisfaction with online education in Vietnam. Social Work Education, 39(8), 1074-1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2020.1823365
- Dao, T. H. V., & Ha, H. Q. T. (2021). Student barriers to prospects of online learning in Vietnam in: The context of Covid-19 pandemic. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.961824
- Engestrom, Y. (2000). Activity theory as a framework for analyzing and redesigning work. Ergonomics, 43(7), 960-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300409143
Engeström, Y. (1978). Learning by expanding: Prienta-Konsultit Oy.
- Francescucci, A., & Rohani, L. (2019). Exclusively synchronous online (VIRI) learning: The impact on student performance and engagement outcomes. Journal of marketing Education, 41(1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475318818864
- Gedera, D. (2014). Students’ experiences of learning in a virtual classroom: An Activity theory perspective. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 10(4), 93-101. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/150708/.
- Government of Vietnam. (2020). Quyết định số 749 / QĐ-TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ: Phê duyệt "Chương trình Chuyển đổi số quốc gia đến năm 2025, định hướng đến năm 2030" [Resolution No. 749/QD-TTg by the Prime Minister on the approval of the National Digital Transformation Program to 2025, with orientation to 2030]. https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?pageid=27160&docid=200163
- Haralambos, M., Holborn, M., Heald, R., & Trowler, P. (2004). Sociology: Themes and perspectives (6 ed.). Harper Collins Publishers Limited.
- Harasim, L. (2000). Shift happens: Online education as a new paradigm in learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 3(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00032-4
- Karim, M. R., & Hasan, M. (2020). Virtual classes during Covid 19 pandemic in tertiary level in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and prospects from the students' perspective. Asian EFL Journal, 27(5.1), 205-219. https://www.asian-efl-journal.com/monthly-editions-new/2020-monthly-editions/volume-27-issue-5-1-december-2020/index.htm
- Kaup, S., Jain, R., Shivalli, S., Pandey, S., & Kaup, S. (2020). Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of online teaching-learning. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(6), 12-20. https://doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1241_20
- Leont’ev, A. N. (1978). Activity, consciousness and personality. Prentice-Hall.
- McInnerney, J. M., & Roberts, T. S. (2004). Online learning: Social interaction and the creation of a sense of community. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 7(3), 73-81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.7.3.73
- Mursyidin, M., Parlindungan, F., & Rahmatillah, R. (2021). Challenges in online learning during Covid-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from universities in Indonesia. TESOL International Journal, 16(4.1), 110-124. https://www.elejournals.com/tij-2021/tij-volume-16-issue-4-1-2021/
- Nanni, A., & Pusey, K. (2021). EAP students’ attitudes towards instruction online at a Thai University: Preliminary findings. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 18(4), 780-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2021.18.4.30.1493
- Nardi, B. A. (1996). Activity theory and human-computer interaction. In B. A. Nardi (Ed.), Context and consciousness: Activity theory and human-computer interaction (pp.7-16). MIT Press
- Nguyen, H. T. T. (2020). Learning to teach across the boundary: A cultural historical activity theory perspective on a university-school partnership in Vietnam. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96(1), 1493-1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103183
- Oliphant, T., & Branch-Mueller, J. (2016). Developing a sense of community and the online student experience. Education for Information, 32(4), 307-321. https://doi.10.3233/EFI-160979
- Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2013). Lessons from the virtual classroom: The realities of online teaching. John Wiley & Sons.
- Parker, M. A., Grace, E. R., & Martin, F. (2010). Do you teach in a virtual classroom? Measuring student’s perceptions of the features and characteristics. International Journal of Instructional Technology & Distance Learning, 7(12), 17-28. https://www.itdl.org/Journal/Dec_10/Dec_10.pdf#page=21
- Racheva, V. (2018). Social aspects of synchronous virtual learning environments. Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings. 2048 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082050
- Ratliff, K. (2019). Building rapport and creating a sense of community: Are relationships important in the online classroom? Journal of Online Learning Research and Practice, 7(1), 31-48. https://doi: 10.18278/il.7.1.1
- Sweetman, D. S. (2021). Making virtual learning engaging and interactive. FASEB BioAdvances, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2020-00084
- Thamarana, S. (2016). Role of e-learning and virtual learning environment in English language learning [Paper presentation]. Elt@i Tirupati chapter 4th annual international conference, Tirupati, India. https://doi .10.13140/RG.2.1.4665.1122
- VanPatten, B., & Benati, A. G. (2015). Key terms in second language acquisition: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society. Harvard University Press.
- Williams, K. M. (2021). Doing research to improve teaching and learning: A guide for college and university faculty: Routledge.
- Xu, D., & Jaggars, S. S. (2013). Adaptability to online learning: Differences across types of students and academic subject areas (CCRC Working Paper, 54). Community college research center. https://doi.org/10.7916/D82N59NB
- Yuan, J., & Kim, C. (2014). Guidelines for facilitating the development of learning communities in online courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 30(3), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12042
- Yurdugül, H. (2008). Minimum sample size for Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: a Monte-Carlo study. Hacettepe Üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi dergisi, 35(35), 1-9. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hunefd/issue/7803/102304
SYNCHRONOUS VIRTUAL LEARNING STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCE AND THE PROSPECT IN VIETNAM
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 163 - 177, 01.07.2023
Mai Thi Truc Le
,
Khue Van Tran
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine students’ learning experience with Google Meet, a virtual learning tool in tertiary contexts in Vietnam. The explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used with the participation of 188 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Vietnamese students at a private university in Vietnam. Findings from both the questionnaires and focus group interviews show that the students have a positive learning experience with Google Meet. Particularly, they perceive that breakout rooms in Google Meet enhance their interaction with their lecturers and peers and promote their sense of community in virtual learning classes. Additionally, the flexibility of virtual learning facilitates learners to solve learning-prevented problems, such as internet connection and power outage. Furthermore, blended learning is perceived as a highly preferred learning mode even after the pandemic. Based on the results, pedagogical strategies are implicated to maximize the effectiveness of virtual classes.
References
- Aji, W. K., Ardin, H., & Arifin, M. A. (2020). Blended learning during pandemic corona virus: Teachers’ and students’ perceptions. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 8(2), 632-646. https://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1696
- Aljuaid, H. (2021). Online learning of English language courses via blackboard at Saudi universities during Covid-19: Challenges and difficulties. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 18(3), 780-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2021.18.3.3.780
- Almaleki, D. A., Alhajaji, R. A., & Alharbi, M. A. (2021). Measuring students' interaction in distance learning through the electronic platform and its impact on their motivation to learn during Covid-19 crisis. International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security, 21(5), 98-112. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.5.16
- Alolaywi, Y. (2021). Learning in crisis: An investigation of Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian EFL Journal, 28(2.3), 98-119. https://www.elejournals.com/asian-efl-monthly-editions/aej-monthly-edition-2021/volume-28-issue-2-3-april-2021/
- Asian Development Bank. (2021). Learning and earning losses from Covid-19 school closures in developing Asia: Special topic of the Asian development outlook 2021. https://think-asia.org/handle/11540/13607
- Bakhurst, D. (2009). Reflections on activity theory. Educational review, 61(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910902846916
- Berry, S. (2019). The role of video and text chat in a virtual classroom: How technology impacts community. In J. Yoon (Ed.), Educational Technology and Resources for Synchronous Learning in Higher Education (pp. 173-187). IGI Global. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7567-2.ch009
- Bower, M. (2019). Technology‐mediated learning theory. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 1035-1048. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12771
- Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Cakrawati, L. M. (2017). Students’ perceptions on the use of online learning platforms in EFL classroom. ELT Tech: Journal of English Language Teaching and Technology, 1(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.17509/elt%20tech.v1i1.9428
- Carrier, M., Damerow, R. M., & Bailey, K. M. (2017). Digital language learning and teaching: Research, theory, and practice. Taylor & Francis.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson
- Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (5th ed.). Sage.
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
- Dahmash, N. (2020). I couldn’t join the session’: Benefits and challenges of blended learning amid Covid-19 from EFL students. International Journal of English Linguistics, 10(5), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p221
- Denscombe, M. (2010). The good research guide for a small-scale social research projects (4th ed.). Open University Press.
- Dinh, L. P., & Nguyen, T. T. (2020). Pandemic, social distancing, and social work education: Students’ satisfaction with online education in Vietnam. Social Work Education, 39(8), 1074-1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2020.1823365
- Dao, T. H. V., & Ha, H. Q. T. (2021). Student barriers to prospects of online learning in Vietnam in: The context of Covid-19 pandemic. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.961824
- Engestrom, Y. (2000). Activity theory as a framework for analyzing and redesigning work. Ergonomics, 43(7), 960-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300409143
Engeström, Y. (1978). Learning by expanding: Prienta-Konsultit Oy.
- Francescucci, A., & Rohani, L. (2019). Exclusively synchronous online (VIRI) learning: The impact on student performance and engagement outcomes. Journal of marketing Education, 41(1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475318818864
- Gedera, D. (2014). Students’ experiences of learning in a virtual classroom: An Activity theory perspective. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 10(4), 93-101. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/150708/.
- Government of Vietnam. (2020). Quyết định số 749 / QĐ-TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ: Phê duyệt "Chương trình Chuyển đổi số quốc gia đến năm 2025, định hướng đến năm 2030" [Resolution No. 749/QD-TTg by the Prime Minister on the approval of the National Digital Transformation Program to 2025, with orientation to 2030]. https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?pageid=27160&docid=200163
- Haralambos, M., Holborn, M., Heald, R., & Trowler, P. (2004). Sociology: Themes and perspectives (6 ed.). Harper Collins Publishers Limited.
- Harasim, L. (2000). Shift happens: Online education as a new paradigm in learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 3(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00032-4
- Karim, M. R., & Hasan, M. (2020). Virtual classes during Covid 19 pandemic in tertiary level in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and prospects from the students' perspective. Asian EFL Journal, 27(5.1), 205-219. https://www.asian-efl-journal.com/monthly-editions-new/2020-monthly-editions/volume-27-issue-5-1-december-2020/index.htm
- Kaup, S., Jain, R., Shivalli, S., Pandey, S., & Kaup, S. (2020). Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of online teaching-learning. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(6), 12-20. https://doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1241_20
- Leont’ev, A. N. (1978). Activity, consciousness and personality. Prentice-Hall.
- McInnerney, J. M., & Roberts, T. S. (2004). Online learning: Social interaction and the creation of a sense of community. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 7(3), 73-81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.7.3.73
- Mursyidin, M., Parlindungan, F., & Rahmatillah, R. (2021). Challenges in online learning during Covid-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from universities in Indonesia. TESOL International Journal, 16(4.1), 110-124. https://www.elejournals.com/tij-2021/tij-volume-16-issue-4-1-2021/
- Nanni, A., & Pusey, K. (2021). EAP students’ attitudes towards instruction online at a Thai University: Preliminary findings. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 18(4), 780-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2021.18.4.30.1493
- Nardi, B. A. (1996). Activity theory and human-computer interaction. In B. A. Nardi (Ed.), Context and consciousness: Activity theory and human-computer interaction (pp.7-16). MIT Press
- Nguyen, H. T. T. (2020). Learning to teach across the boundary: A cultural historical activity theory perspective on a university-school partnership in Vietnam. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96(1), 1493-1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103183
- Oliphant, T., & Branch-Mueller, J. (2016). Developing a sense of community and the online student experience. Education for Information, 32(4), 307-321. https://doi.10.3233/EFI-160979
- Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2013). Lessons from the virtual classroom: The realities of online teaching. John Wiley & Sons.
- Parker, M. A., Grace, E. R., & Martin, F. (2010). Do you teach in a virtual classroom? Measuring student’s perceptions of the features and characteristics. International Journal of Instructional Technology & Distance Learning, 7(12), 17-28. https://www.itdl.org/Journal/Dec_10/Dec_10.pdf#page=21
- Racheva, V. (2018). Social aspects of synchronous virtual learning environments. Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings. 2048 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082050
- Ratliff, K. (2019). Building rapport and creating a sense of community: Are relationships important in the online classroom? Journal of Online Learning Research and Practice, 7(1), 31-48. https://doi: 10.18278/il.7.1.1
- Sweetman, D. S. (2021). Making virtual learning engaging and interactive. FASEB BioAdvances, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2020-00084
- Thamarana, S. (2016). Role of e-learning and virtual learning environment in English language learning [Paper presentation]. Elt@i Tirupati chapter 4th annual international conference, Tirupati, India. https://doi .10.13140/RG.2.1.4665.1122
- VanPatten, B., & Benati, A. G. (2015). Key terms in second language acquisition: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society. Harvard University Press.
- Williams, K. M. (2021). Doing research to improve teaching and learning: A guide for college and university faculty: Routledge.
- Xu, D., & Jaggars, S. S. (2013). Adaptability to online learning: Differences across types of students and academic subject areas (CCRC Working Paper, 54). Community college research center. https://doi.org/10.7916/D82N59NB
- Yuan, J., & Kim, C. (2014). Guidelines for facilitating the development of learning communities in online courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 30(3), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12042
- Yurdugül, H. (2008). Minimum sample size for Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: a Monte-Carlo study. Hacettepe Üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi dergisi, 35(35), 1-9. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hunefd/issue/7803/102304