THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF ONLINE TEACHING COMPETENCIES AND THEIR SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 21 - 39, 01.10.2023
Elif Ozturk
,
Zeynep Turgut
Abstract
Online teaching caught in-service teachers off-guard with emergency distance education and sparked interest to teacher education programs. Purpose of this study is to explore self-efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers in teaching online (SETO) and to determine the relationship between pre-service teachers’ importance of online teaching competencies (IOTC) perceptions and their SETO beliefs. 101 pre-service teachers were asked to fill faculty readiness to teach online scale and the responses were analyzed through ANOVA and Pearson Correlation. The results showed a significant difference between pre-service teachers’ majors, exposure to ICT-related experiences, and their SETO beliefs. In addition, there is a significant relationship between pre-service teachers’ IOCT perceptions and SETO beliefs. Understanding the existing SETO beliefs of pre-service teachers is critical because it provides evidence to reassess how pre-service teachers are supported to build their online teaching competencies. The results are expected to make a significant contribution to research on establishing online teaching competencies in Turkiye and assisting teachers in understanding the value of those competencies; as a result, potential implementers may have stronger online teaching self-efficacy in their distance classrooms. The study suggests incorporating technology-based resources into teacher education courses within a digital pedagogy competencies framework to increase preservice teachers’ self-efficacy.
References
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- Coldeway, D. O. (1988). Methodological issues in distance educational research. American Journal of Distance Education, 2(3), 45-54.
- Cooper, R., Warren, L., Hogan-Chapman, A., & Mills, L. (2020). Pre-service teachers and their self-efficacy toward online teaching. SRATE Journal, 29(2).
- Corcuera, L., & Alvarez Jr, A. (2021). From face-to-face to teaching at a distance: Lessons learned from emergency remote teaching. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 16(2).
- David A. Martin, Natalie McMaster & Michael D. Carey (2020). Course design features influencing preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in their ability to support students’ use of ICT, Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 36:4, 221-236.
- ERG. (2020). Eğitim İzleme Raporu 2020: Öğretmenler. Sabancı Üniversitesi: Eğitim Gözlemevi
European Communities. (2007). Key competences for lifelong learning: European Reference Framework, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
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Ghomi, M., & Redecker, C. (2019). Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu): Development and Evaluation of a Self-assessment Instrument for Teachers' Digital Competence. International Conference on Computer Supported Education (1)541-548.
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- Izhar, N. A., Al-dheleai, Y. M., & Na, K. S. (2021). Teaching in the Time of Covid-19: The Challenges Faced By Teachers in Initiating Online Class Sessions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(2), 1294-1306.
- Karatas, I., Tunc, M. P., Yilmaz, N., & Karaci, G. (2017). An investigation of technological pedagogical content knowledge, self-confidence, and perception of pre-service middle school mathematics teachers towards instructional technologies. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(3), 122-132.
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- Kim, S. W., & Lee, Y. (2018). The Effect of Programming-based TPACK Education Program on Self-efficacy Beliefs about Technology Integration of Pre-service Teachers. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 422-426). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
- Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60-70.
- Marek, M. W., Chew, C. S., & Wu, W. C. V. (2021). Teacher experiences in converting classes to distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET), 19(1), 89-109.
- Martin, F., Budhrani, K., & Wang, C. (2019). Examining faculty perception of their readiness to teach online. Online Learning, 23(3), 97-119.
- Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2020). Öğretmenlerde Dijital Okuryazarlık Kılavuzu.
- Ministry of National Education Republic of Turkey (2017). General Competencies for Teaching Profession. Directorate General for Teacher Training and Development.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). OECD skills outlook 2019: Thriving in a digital world. Paris, France: OECD.
- Pregowska, A., Masztalerz, K., Garlińska, M., & Osial, M. (2021). A worldwide journey through distance education—from the post office to virtual, augmented and mixed realities, and education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 11(3), 118.
- Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education: Insights from education at a glance 2020. OECD 2020.
Shelton, K., & Saltsman, G. (2005). An administrator's guide to online education. Greenwich, CT: IAP-Information Age Pub.
- Simonson, M., Zvacek, S. M., & Smaldino, S. (2019). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education. North Carolina: Information Age Pub.
- Song, L. (2018). Improving Pre-Service Teachers’self-Efficacy On Technology Integration Through Service Learning. The Canadian Journal Of Action Research, 19(1), 22-32.
- TEDMEM. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde eğitim: Uzaktan öğrenme, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri: TEDMEM Analiz Dizisi. Ankara: Türk Eğitim Derneği Yayınları.
- Tekinarslan, E. (2011). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Teknolojilere Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik Algilari. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(37), 120-134.
- Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Sang, G., Voogt, J., Fisser, P., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2012). Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology in education: A synthesis of qualitative evidence. Computers & Education, 59(1), 134–144.
- Topkaya, E. Z. (2010). Pre-Service English Language Teachers' Perceptions of Computer Self-Efficacy and General Self-Efficacy. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 9(1), 143-156.
- Tschannen-Moran, M. & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001) Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 783-805.
- Tuncer, M., & Tanaş, R. (2011). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Bilgisayar Öz-Yeterlik Algılarının Değerlendirilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (6), 222-232.
- Unal, E. (2013). An examination of the relationship between preservice teachers’ perceptions of technology integration self-efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge competencies (Unpublished master’s dissertation). Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2019). Building Digital Competencies to Benefit from Frontier Technologies, United Nations, New York.
- Van Ooyik, J., Lerner, J., & Pitts, R. T. (2021). The Development of Preservice Teaching Competencies. Educational Research: Theory and Practice, 32(1), 8-12.
- Varvel, V. E. (2007). Master online teacher competencies. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(1), 1–41.
Wang, L., Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2004). Increasing preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 36(3), 231-250.
- Yastibas, A. E. (2021). Preparing Pre-Service English Language Teachers to Teach at Unprecedented Times: The Case of Turkey. Journal of English Teaching, 7(1), 1-14.
- Zhao, Y., Pugh, K., Sheldon, S., & Byers, J. (2002). Conditions for classroom technology innovations. Teachers College Record, 104(3), 482-515.
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 21 - 39, 01.10.2023
Elif Ozturk
,
Zeynep Turgut
References
- Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2011). Going the distance: Online education in the United States: Newburyport.
- Aytaç, T. (2021). The Problems Faced by Teachers in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Opinions. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(1), 404-420.
- Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
- Başer, D. (2021). An Investıgatıon Of Self-Effıcacy And Perceıved Benefıt Belıefs Regardıng Dıstance Educatıon Of Preservıce Teachers As Future Implementers. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(4), 1145-1158.
- Berkant, H. (2016). Faculty Of Education Students Computer Self Efficacy Beliefs And Their Attitudes Towards Computers And Implementing Computer Supported Education. European Journal Of Contemporary Education, 15(1).
- Birisci, S., & Emin, K. U. L. (2019). Predictors of technology integration self-efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 10(1), 75-93.
- Brown, G. T. (2020). Schooling beyond COVID-19: an unevenly distributed future. Frontiers in Education, 5:82.
- Bruder, I. (1989). Distance Learning: What's Holding Back This Boundless Delivery System. Electronic learning, 8(6), 30-35.
- Caka, C. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between pre-service teachers’ technologies self-efficacy perceptions, attitudes towards the use of distance education environments, and academic procrastination tendencies. International Technology and Education Journal, 5(2), 21-31.
- Caner, M., & Aydin, S. (2021). Self efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers on technology integration. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 79-94.
- Carretero Gomez, S., Napierala, J., Bessios, A., Mägi, E., Pugacewicz, A., Ranieri, M., Triquet, K., Lombaerts, K., Robledo Bottcher, N., Montanari, M., & Gonzalez Vazquez, I. (2021). What did we learn from schooling practices during the COVID-19 lockdown. Publications Office of the European Union.
- Chukwuemeka, E. J., Nsofor, C. C., Falode, O. C., & Aniah, A. (2019). Assessing pre-service teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge self-efficacy towards technology integration in Colleges of Education in South-west Nigeria.
- Coldeway, D. O. (1988). Methodological issues in distance educational research. American Journal of Distance Education, 2(3), 45-54.
- Cooper, R., Warren, L., Hogan-Chapman, A., & Mills, L. (2020). Pre-service teachers and their self-efficacy toward online teaching. SRATE Journal, 29(2).
- Corcuera, L., & Alvarez Jr, A. (2021). From face-to-face to teaching at a distance: Lessons learned from emergency remote teaching. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 16(2).
- David A. Martin, Natalie McMaster & Michael D. Carey (2020). Course design features influencing preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in their ability to support students’ use of ICT, Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 36:4, 221-236.
- ERG. (2020). Eğitim İzleme Raporu 2020: Öğretmenler. Sabancı Üniversitesi: Eğitim Gözlemevi
European Communities. (2007). Key competences for lifelong learning: European Reference Framework, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
- Facer, K., & Selwyn, N. (2021). Digital Technology and the Futures of Education: Towards ‘Non-Stupid’Optimism. UNESCO: Futures of Education Report.
- Falloon, G. (2020). From digital literacy to digital competence: the teacher digital competency (TDC) framework. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(5), 2449-2472.
- Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ghomi, M., & Redecker, C. (2019). Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu): Development and Evaluation of a Self-assessment Instrument for Teachers' Digital Competence. International Conference on Computer Supported Education (1)541-548.
- Goodyear, P., Salmon, G., Spector, J. M., Steeples, C., & Tickner, S. (2001). Competences for online teaching: A special report. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(1), 65–72.
- Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2016). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Boston, USA: Cengage Learning.
- Greta Björk Gudmundsdottir & Ove Edvard Hatlevik (2018) Newly qualified teachers’ professional digital competence: implications for teacher education, European Journal of Teacher Education, 41:2, 214-231.
- Hassan, M. M., Mirza, T., & Hussain, M. W. (2020). A critical review by teachers on the online teaching-learning during the COVID-19. International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, 10(8), 17-27.
- Ilomäki, L., Paavola, S., Lakkala, M., & Kantosalo, A. (2016). Digital competence–an emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research. Education and information technologies, 21(3), 655-679.
- Izhar, N. A., Al-dheleai, Y. M., & Na, K. S. (2021). Teaching in the Time of Covid-19: The Challenges Faced By Teachers in Initiating Online Class Sessions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(2), 1294-1306.
- Karatas, I., Tunc, M. P., Yilmaz, N., & Karaci, G. (2017). An investigation of technological pedagogical content knowledge, self-confidence, and perception of pre-service middle school mathematics teachers towards instructional technologies. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(3), 122-132.
- Keser, H., YILMAZ, F. G. K., & Yilmaz, R. (2015). TPACK Competencies And Technology İntegration Self-Efficacy Perceptions Of Pre-Service Teachers. İlköğretim Online, 14(4), 1193-1207.
- Kim, S. W., & Lee, Y. (2018). The Effect of Programming-based TPACK Education Program on Self-efficacy Beliefs about Technology Integration of Pre-service Teachers. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 422-426). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
- Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60-70.
- Marek, M. W., Chew, C. S., & Wu, W. C. V. (2021). Teacher experiences in converting classes to distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET), 19(1), 89-109.
- Martin, F., Budhrani, K., & Wang, C. (2019). Examining faculty perception of their readiness to teach online. Online Learning, 23(3), 97-119.
- Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2020). Öğretmenlerde Dijital Okuryazarlık Kılavuzu.
- Ministry of National Education Republic of Turkey (2017). General Competencies for Teaching Profession. Directorate General for Teacher Training and Development.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). OECD skills outlook 2019: Thriving in a digital world. Paris, France: OECD.
- Pregowska, A., Masztalerz, K., Garlińska, M., & Osial, M. (2021). A worldwide journey through distance education—from the post office to virtual, augmented and mixed realities, and education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 11(3), 118.
- Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education: Insights from education at a glance 2020. OECD 2020.
Shelton, K., & Saltsman, G. (2005). An administrator's guide to online education. Greenwich, CT: IAP-Information Age Pub.
- Simonson, M., Zvacek, S. M., & Smaldino, S. (2019). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education. North Carolina: Information Age Pub.
- Song, L. (2018). Improving Pre-Service Teachers’self-Efficacy On Technology Integration Through Service Learning. The Canadian Journal Of Action Research, 19(1), 22-32.
- TEDMEM. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde eğitim: Uzaktan öğrenme, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri: TEDMEM Analiz Dizisi. Ankara: Türk Eğitim Derneği Yayınları.
- Tekinarslan, E. (2011). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Teknolojilere Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik Algilari. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(37), 120-134.
- Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Sang, G., Voogt, J., Fisser, P., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2012). Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology in education: A synthesis of qualitative evidence. Computers & Education, 59(1), 134–144.
- Topkaya, E. Z. (2010). Pre-Service English Language Teachers' Perceptions of Computer Self-Efficacy and General Self-Efficacy. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 9(1), 143-156.
- Tschannen-Moran, M. & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001) Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 783-805.
- Tuncer, M., & Tanaş, R. (2011). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Bilgisayar Öz-Yeterlik Algılarının Değerlendirilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (6), 222-232.
- Unal, E. (2013). An examination of the relationship between preservice teachers’ perceptions of technology integration self-efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge competencies (Unpublished master’s dissertation). Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2019). Building Digital Competencies to Benefit from Frontier Technologies, United Nations, New York.
- Van Ooyik, J., Lerner, J., & Pitts, R. T. (2021). The Development of Preservice Teaching Competencies. Educational Research: Theory and Practice, 32(1), 8-12.
- Varvel, V. E. (2007). Master online teacher competencies. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(1), 1–41.
Wang, L., Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2004). Increasing preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 36(3), 231-250.
- Yastibas, A. E. (2021). Preparing Pre-Service English Language Teachers to Teach at Unprecedented Times: The Case of Turkey. Journal of English Teaching, 7(1), 1-14.
- Zhao, Y., Pugh, K., Sheldon, S., & Byers, J. (2002). Conditions for classroom technology innovations. Teachers College Record, 104(3), 482-515.