Does Gender, Getting an Art Education, and Mental Health Explain The Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness?

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 66, 431 - 441, 15.09.2022

Hatice Kübra Özalp Ömer Faruk Akbulut

Abstract

This study aims to examine the appearance-related social media consciousness levels of university students in terms of gender, get art education, and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) variables. This research was carried out with the correlational model, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The study group of the research consists of 295 university students, 229 female, and 66 male, studying at different higher education institutions in Turkey. The Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and Personal Information Form were used in the research. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Regression Analysis methods were used in the analysis of the data. In the research, it was seen that gender (female), get art education (yes), and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) had a significant explanatory value of 14.9% on the appearance-related social media consciousness. The findings obtained from the research were discussed within the framework of the literature and suggestions were made.

Keywords

Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness, Gender, Art Education, Mental Health

References

• Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Do selfie-expectancies and social appearance anxiety predict adolescents’ problematic social media use? Computers in Human Behavior, 110, 106395. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106395
• Brown, J. W. (1999). On aesthetic perception. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 6(6–7), 114–160. Retrieved from https://home.cs.colorado.edu/~mozer/Teaching/syllabi/3702/readings/Brown1999.pdf
• Burger, J. M. (2019). Kişilik. Kaknüs.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem.
• Can, A. (2019). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem.
• Cazzato, V., Mele, S., & Urgesi, C. (2014). Gender differences in the neural underpinning of perceiving and appreciating the beauty of the body. Behavioural Brain Research, 264, 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.001
• Çelik, E., & Tolan, Ö. Ç. (2021). The Relationship between Social Appearance Anxiety, Automatic Thoughts and Depression-Anxiety-Stress in Emerging Adulthood. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(5), 345–363. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1319020.pdf
• Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Galla, B. M. (2020). The appearance-related social media consciousness scale: Development and validation with adolescents. Body Image, 33, 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.017
• Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Higgins, M. K. (2019). Camera-ready: Young women’s appearance-related social media consciousness. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 473–481. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ppm0000196
• Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lısrel uygulamaları. Pegem.
• Demarest, J., & Allen, R. (2000). Body image: gender, ethnic, and age differences. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(4), 465–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600485
• Efland, A. D. (2004). The entwined nature of the aesthetic: A discourse on visual culture. Studies in Art Education, 45(3), 234–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393541.2004.11651770
• Essex, M. J., Kraemer, H. C., Armstrong, J. M., Boyce, W. T., Goldsmith, H. H., Klein, M. H., … Kupfer, D. J. (2006). Exploring Risk Factors for the Emergence of Children’s Mental Health Problems. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(11), 1246–1256. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.11.1246
• Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social Media and Body Image Concerns: Current Research and Future Directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
• Feingold, A., & Mazzella, R. (1998). Gender differences in body ımage are ıncreasing. Psychological Science, 9(3), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00036
• Fox, J., & Vendemia, M. A. (2016). Selective self-presentation and social comparison through photographs on social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(10), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0248
• Gillen, M. M., & Markey, C. N. (2015). Body image and mental health. Encyclopedia of Mental Health, 1, 187–192.
• Hart, T. A., Flora, D. B., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment, 15(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1073191107306673
• İmamoğlu, G., & Demirtaş, Ö. (2017). Investigation of students’ views who receive art and religious training about body image. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 3(Special Issue 2), 476–483. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/388918
• Johnson, J. J. (2000). Differences in supervisor and non-supervisor perceptions of quality culture and organizational climate". Public Personnel Management, 29(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900109
• Joshi, G., & Sharma, G. (2020, December). Burnout: A risk factor amongst mental health professionals during COVID-19. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 54, p. 102300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102300
• Kaplan, V. (2022). Öğrencilerin sosyal görünüş kaygı düzeylerinin incelenmesi (Kayseri ili örneği). Humanistic Perspective, 4(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1051321
• Levinson, C. A., Rodebaugh, T. L., White, E. K., Menatti, A. R., Weeks, J. W., Iacovino, J. M., & Warren, C. S. (2013). Social appearance anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of negative evaluation. Distinct or shared risk factors for social anxiety and eating disorders? Appetite, 67, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.002
• Määttänen, P. (2017). Emotions, values, and aesthetic perception. New Ideas in Psychology, 47, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2017.03.009
• McLean, S. A., Paxton, S. J., Wertheim, E. H., & Masters, J. (2015). Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(8), 1132–1140. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22449
• Nonterah, C. W., Hahn, N. C., Utsey, S. O., Hook, J. N., Abrams, J. A., Hubbard, R. R., & Opare-Henako, A. (2015). Fear of negative evaluation as a mediator of the relation between academic stress, anxiety and depression in a sample of Ghanaian college students. Psychology and Developing Societies, 27(1), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333614564747
• Norman, K. L. (2017). Cyberpsychology: An introduction to human-computer interaction. Cambridge University Press.
• Öngören, B., Durdu, Z., Dongaz, Ö. İ., Bayar, B., & Bayar, K. (2021). Görünümle ilişkili sosyal medya bilinç ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Karya Journal of Health Science, 2(2), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.901294
• Sarıçam, H. (2018). The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847
• Scott, G. G., Boyle, E. A., Czerniawska, K., & Courtney, A. (2018). Posting photos on Facebook: The impact of Narcissism, Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and Shyness. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 67–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.039
• Tunalı, İ. (2011). Estetik beğeni, çağdaş sanat felsefesi üstüne. Remzi.
• Vander Dussen, A. (2021). Photo Posting on Instagram: A Measurement of Social Comparison, Social Anxiety, and Experiences of Loneliness on Instagram (The Chicago School of Professional Psychology). The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. https://search.proquest.com/openview/cf6560dc0bcb6112eaa5ae02af3ca451/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
• Wang, N., Ren, F., & Zhou, X. (2020). Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Body Perception Questionnaire–Short Form (BPQ-SF) Among Chinese College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01355