Could Robots Empatize? A Review on The Employment of Social Robots in Mental Healthcare

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 67, 593 - 618, 31.12.2022

Mücahit Gültekin

https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.12250405

Öz

The advances in artificial intelligence and robotics began to transform business and human relations. The employment of robots in health, education, entertainment and rehabilitation as well as industries introduced the concept of "social robots". Although there is no consensus on the definition of the concept, robots with some degree of autonomy and could conduct meaningful social interactions with humans are considered social robots. Studies have been conducted on the employment of social robots in mental health services. Studies have been conducted on the employment of social robots in mental health services. The effectiveness of social robots in the treatment of anxiety, stress, depression, anger, and eating disorders, especially dementia and autism spectrum disorder, has also been investigated. The question of “can robots empathize” is a significant topic in research that focus on human-robot interactions. Robotic empathy studies were conducted with two dimensions of human empathy for robots and robot empathy for humans and led to various philosophical and ethical discussions. Some argued that robot-human interaction leads to new opportunities in mental health services, while others criticized the use of robots since it could increase human solitude, blur the line between reality and virtuality perceptions and the distinction between ontological categories. The present literature review aimed to discuss the concepts of artificial intelligence, robots, and social robots, provide information about the studies on the employment of social robots in mental healthcare, and address the studies and views based on the question "can social robots empathize?"

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Robot, Robot, Artificial Intelligence, Mental Health, Empathy

Robotlar Empati Yapabilir mi? Sosyal Robotların Ruh Sağlığı Hizmetlerinde Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Öz

Günümüzde yapay zekâ ve robotik alanındaki gelişmeler iş ve insan ilişkilerini dönüştürmeye başlamıştır. Robotların sadece endüstriyel alanda değil, sağlık, eğitim, eğlence, rehabilitasyon gibi alanlarda kullanılması “sosyal robot” kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Kavramın üzerinde uzlaşılan ortak bir tanımı bulunmasa da, bir dereceye kadar özerkliğe sahip, insanlarla anlamlı sosyal etkileşimler kurabilen robotlar sosyal robotlar olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu bağlamda sosyal robotların ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar da yapılmaktadır. Sosyal robotların demans ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu başta olmak üzere anksiyete, stres, depresyon, öfke, yeme problemleri gibi sorunların terapisinde de etkililiği araştırılmaktadır. “Robotlar empati yapabilir mi?” sorusu ise insan-robot etkileşimine odaklanan araştırmaların önemli bir tartışma konusudur. Robot-insan etkileşiminin ruh sağlığı hizmetleri için yeni fırsatlar yarattığını savunanlar olduğu gibi, insanın yalnızlığını arttıracağı, gerçeklik ve sanallık arasındaki çizgiyi belirsizleştirebileceği, ontolojik kategoriler arasındaki ayrımı bulanıklaştırabileceği gibi eleştiriler de yapılmaktadır. Bu derleme yazıda yapay zekâ, robot, sosyal robot kavramlarını açıklamak; sosyal robotların ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde kullanımına ilişkin yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi vermek, “sosyal robotlar empati yapabilir mi?” sorusu çerçevesinde yapılan araştırmaları ve öne sürülen görüşleri tartışmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Robot, Ruh Sağlığı, Robot, Yapay zeka, Empati

Kaynakça

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