Relationship between maritime transportation and economic growth: highest maritime transport European countries

Abstract

Maritime transport is one of the most widely used transport channels used by countries in foreign trade. The development of maritime transport affects the economic growth levels of countries. In addition, the increase in the level of economic growth of countries increases their share in international foreign trade and this situation increases the importance given by countries to maritime transport day by day. In this context, the study aims to determine whether there is any causality relationship between maritime transport and economic growth variables in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Türkiye, and the United Kingdom, which have the highest maritime transport among European countries. The bootstrap panel causality test was employed to examine the causality relationships between the variables over the time frame of 2008:Q1-2020:Q2. According to the findings, there is a causality relationship from economic growth to maritime transportation in all countries except Italy and the Netherlands. There is a causality relationship from maritime transportation to economic growth in Türkiye and the United Kingdom. As a result, the relationship between maritime transport and economic growth varies from country to country. This situation reveals the necessity of developing national policies for maritime transport by considering the economic structures of the countries.

Keywords

• Maritime transport
• Freight transportation
• Economic growth
• European countries

Deniz taşımacılığı ile iktisadi büyüme arasındaki ilişki: en yüksek deniz taşımacılığına sahip Avrupa ülkeleri

Abstract

Dış ticarette ülkelerin en çok kullandığı nakliye kanallarının başında deniz taşımacılığı gelmektedir. Deniz taşımacılığının gelişimi ülkelerin iktisadi büyüme düzeylerine etki etmektedir. Ayrıca ülkelerin iktisadi büyüme düzeyindeki artışlar, uluslararası dış ticaretten aldıkları payını da artırmakta ve bu durum ülkelerin deniz taşımacılığına verdiği önemi her gecen gün daha da artırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Avrupa ülkeleri arasında en yüksek deniz taşımacılığına sahip olan Belçika, Fransa, Almanya, İtalya, Hollanda, İspanya, Türkiye ve Birleşik Krallık’ta deniz taşımacılığı ile iktisadi büyüme değişkenleri arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olup olmadığının belirlemesi amaçlanmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri 2008:Q1-2020:Q2 dönemi verileri ve bootstrap panel nedensellik testi yardımıyla incelenmektedir. Bulgulara göre, İtalya ve Hollanda hariç tüm ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeden deniz taşımacılığına doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Türkiye ve Birleşik Krallık’ta ise deniz taşımacılığından ekonomik büyümeye doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak deniz taşımacılığı ile iktisadi büyüme arasındaki ilişkiler ülkeden ülkeye göre değişmektedir. Bu durum ülkelerin kendi ekonomik yapılarını dikkate alarak deniz taşımacılığına yönelik ulusal politikilar geliştirme gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Deniz taşımacılığı
• Yük taşımacılığı
• İktisadi büyüme
• Avrupa ülkeleri

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