Denizcilik Sektöründe Dijital Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılmasında Stratejik Değerlendirme: Denizcilikte Kâğıtsız Sınır Ötesi Ticaret Sistemleri için SWOT-AHP Entegre Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Kağıtsız sınır ötesi ticaret sistemleri, uluslararası ticaret akışlarının limanlara, gümrük yetkililerine ve deniziclik şirketlerine büyük ölçüde bağımlı olduğu denizcilik sektörünü giderek daha fazla şekillendirmektedir. Konşimentolar, manifestolar ve sertifikalar gibi geleneksel kağıt tabanlı belgelerin yerini elektronik formatlar alarak, bu sistemler küresel denizcilik operasyonlarının verimliliğini ve şeffaflığını yeniden tanımlıyor. Bu çalışma, Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ile birleştirilmiş entegre bir SWOT (Güçlü Yönler, Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar, Tehditler) analizi yoluyla kağıtsız deniz ticaret sistemlerinin stratejik bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Deniz ticaretinin elektronik belgeler, elektronik imzalar, elektronik gümrük portalları ve tek pencere platformları dahil olmak üzere hızla dijitalleşmesi, küresel ticarette gelişmiş verimlilik, maliyet düşüşü ve şeffaflık vaat etmektedir. Ancak, yasal uyumsuzluklar, teknik altyapı boşlukları ve güvenlik endişeleri nedeniyle uygulama engellenmektedir. Bu araştırmada, kâğıtsız ticaret sistemlerinin içsel güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini, dışsal fırsat ve tehditlerini belirlemek için SWOT analizi kullanılmış ve uzman girdilerine dayanarak bu faktörleri sistematik olarak önceliklendirmek için AHP uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, limanlar, gümrükler ve deniz yolları arasındaki kamu-özel sektör entegrasyonunun ve operasyonel verimliliğin artırılmasının en kritik güçlü yönler olduğunu, yasal ve idari uyum eksikliklerinin ise en büyük zayıflık olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Yeşil limanlar gibi sürdürülebilirlik odaklı girişimler önemli fırsatlar olarak ortaya çıkarken, denizcilik dijital sistemlerine yönelik siber saldırılar en önemli tehdidi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, denizcilik alanına özel stratejik önerilerle sonuçlanmaktadır: denizcilikte tek pencere benimsenmesinin hızlandırılması, uluslararası denizcilik dijital ticaret düzenlemelerinin uyumlu hale getirilmesi, liman bilgi teknoloji altyapısına yatırım yapılması ve denizcilik siber güvenlik kapasitesinin güçlendirilmesi. Genel olarak, bulgular SWOT-AHP entegre yaklaşımının denizcilik sektöründe kâğıtsız ticareti geliştirmek için sağlam bir karar alma çerçevesi sağladığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kağıtsız sınır ötesi ticaret sistemleri
• Denizel alanda dijital dönüşüm
• Denizel alanda siber güvenlik
• SWOT-AHP

Strategic Evaluation in Digital Trade Facilitation in Maritime: A SWOT-AHP Integrated Approach for Maritime Paperless Cross-Border Trade Systems

Abstract

Paperless cross-border trade systems are increasingly shaping maritime sector, where international trade flows are heavily dependent on ports, customs authorities, and shipping companies. By replacing traditional paper-based documentation such as bills of lading, manifests, and certificates of origin with electronic formats, these systems are redefining the efficiency and transparency of global shipping operations. The rapid digitalization of maritime trade including electronic documents, electronic signatures, electronic customs portals, and single-window platforms promises enhanced efficiency, cost reduction, and transparency in global trade. However, implementation is impeded by legal misalignments, technical infrastructure gaps, and security concerns. In this research, a strategic evaluation of paperless maritime trade systems is conducted by identifying internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats through SWOT analysis, and systematically prioritizing these factors based on expert input using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results reveal that public-private sector integration between ports, customs, and shipping lines and operational efficiency enhancement are the most critical strengths, while legal and administrative harmonization deficiencies pose the top weakness. Sustainability-driven initiatives such as green ports emerge as key opportunities, whereas cyber-attacks on maritime digital systems constitute the foremost threat. The study concludes with strategic recommendations tailored to the maritime domain accelerating maritime single window adoption, harmonizing international maritime digital trade regulations, investing in port IT infrastructure, and strengthening maritime cybersecurity capacity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the SWOT-AHP integrated approach provides a robust decision-making framework for enhancing paperless trade in the maritime sector, contributing to more resilient and sustainable global supply chains.

Keywords

• Paperless cross-border trade
• Maritime digital transformation
• Maritime cybersecurity
• SWOT-AHP

Supporting Institution

No funding was received from institutions or agencies for the execution of this research.

Ethical Statement

It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.

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