Abstract

Çernobil Nükleer Santrali’nde meydana gelen kazadan 30 yıl sonra Çernobil kenti dendroflorası üzerine gerçekleştirilen araştırma kentin yeşil alanlarının 2 divizyo, 26 takım ve 29 familya içinde yer alan 87 tür ve 8 dekoratif formdan oluştuğunu ortaya koymuştur. Koruluk alanlar ağaçlar (%63), çalılıklar (%30) ve üzüm bağlarından (%7) oluşmaktadır. Geçen 30 yıllık süreçte yaşanan doğal süksesyona rağmen, Çernobil’deki dikili alanlar, tespit edilen toplam takson sayısının %57’sine karşılık gelen sonradan getirilmiş bitkiler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya dahil edilen alanlardaki çalışmalar kentin terkedilmiş fitosenozunda, yabancı istilacı türler olan Acer negundo L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fraxinus pennsylvanica L. ve Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch artışına neden olan süksesyonel değişimlerin görüldüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Uzun süren kuraklık ve yeraltı su seviyesindeki düşüş bu yabancı istilacı konusundaki eksiklik, dekoratif ve meyve ağaçlarında ve çalılarda fungal hastalıklara ve yarı parazitik bir tür olan Viscum album L. tarafından verilen hasarlara neden olmaktadır ki bu iki olumsuz durum zarar gören bitkilerin kent dikim alanlarından uzaklaştırılmasına yol açmaktadır.

CHORNOBYL’S CURRENT DENDROFLORA: ANALYSIS OF NATURAL SUCCESSIONS IN THE ABANDONED URBAN PHYTOCOENOSES

Abstract

The research on the dendroflora of Chornobyl town 30 years after the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant reveal that the taxonomic composition of the town green spaces comprises of 87 species and 8 decorative forms of 29 families, 26 orders, 2 divisions. The composition of plantations is dominated by trees (63%), bushes (30%) and winding plants (7%). Despite the natural succession processes over the past 30 years, the plantations of Chornobyl are dominated by introducers, which make up 57% of the total number of taxa. The study of test areas reveals successional changes in the abandoned phytocoenoses of the town, which led to the expansion of the alien invasive species Acer negundo L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fraxinus pennsylvanica L. and Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. The spread of alien invasive species is facilitated by droughts of long periods and the decrease in groundwater level. Climate change and the lack of proper agrotechnical care result in fungal diseases, damages caused by the semi-parasitic species Viscum album L. on decorative and fruit trees and bushes, both also leading to their expel from the town plantations.

Keywords

• Chornobyl exclusion zone
• self-sowing
• undergrowth
• park species
• invasive species
• alien species
• Autochthonous and introduced species

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