Beauveria bassiana (BALS.) VULL. İZOLATLARININ Tetranychus urticae KOCH'A (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) KARŞI KONTROL POTANSİYELLERİNİN VE ENZİM AKTİVİTELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Entomopatojen fungusların geniş konukçu çeşitliliği biyolojik mücadele endüstrisi için ticari bir avantaj olabilir. Bununla birlikte, entomopatojen fungusların tümü konukçuya nüfuz etmek için çeşitli enzimlerinin kombinasyonlarını kullanır ve bu enzimler fungal izolatların konukçu çeşitliliğinde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vull. izolatının Tetranychus urticae Koch'a (Acari: Tetranychidae) karşı kontrol potansiyellerinin ve lipaz, kitinaz ve proteaz enzim aktivitelerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, daha önce Coleoptera, Lepidoptera ve Hymenoptera'ya karşı entomopatojenik aktivite gösteren B. bassiana (PaF04, PaF09 ve PaF76) izolatları seçilmiştir. Test organizması olarak, T. urticae kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı dozda süspansiyon (1x10⁶, 1x10⁷ ve 1x10⁸ konidi ml^-1) Tween 80'de hazırlanmıştır. 2ml tek doz spor süspansiyonu el spreyi kullanılarak fasülye yaprak disklerinin alt yüzüne püskürtülmüştür. T. urticae’nın ölüm oranları 5 gün boyunca günlük olarak kaydedilmiştir. Enzim aktiviteleri petri plate yöntemi ile araştırılmış ve koloni çevresinde oluşan açık zonlar, enzimatik aktivitenin varlığını göstermiştir. Test edilen tüm fungus izolatları uygulamadan 5 gün sonra, 64,2±5,6% ve 100% arasında mortaliteye yol açarak T. urticae’ye karşı patojenite göstermiştir. LT50 değerleri 3,16±0,2 ve 3,72±0,5 gün arasında değişmiştir. PaF04 izolatının neden olduğu mortalite önemli derecede farklı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuçta, B. bassiana PaF izolatlarının Coleoptera, Lepidoptera ve Hymenoptera'yı kontrol potansiyellerinin olduğu kadar T. urticae’yı baskılama potansiyeline de sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Mevcut sonuçlar, kullanılan izolatların, özellikle de PaF04'ün geniş bir konukçu aralığına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beauveria bassiana,geniş konukçu aralığı,Tetranychus urticae,enzim aktivitesi

DETERMINATION OF CONTROL POTENTIALS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF Beauveria bassiana (BALS.) VULL. ISOLATES AGAINST Tetranychus urticae KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)

Abstract

Broad host range of entomopathogenic fungi may have a commercial advantage for biological control industry. In addition, all entomopathogenic fungi rely on a combination of different enzymes to penetrate their hosts and these enzymes play an important role in the host range of fungal isolates. The aim of this study is to determine the potential of three Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vull. isolates in control of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and to determine their lipase, chitinase, and protease activities. For this purpose, B. bassiana (PaF04, PaF09 and PaF76) isolates, which was previously demonstrated to have entomopathogenic activity against Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera were chosen. T. urticae was used as the test organisms. Three different suspensions (1x10⁶, 1x10⁷ and 1x10⁸ conidia ml^-1) were prepared in Tween 80. 2ml suspension of a single dose was sprayed onto down sides of bean leaf discs using hand sprayer. Mortality rates of T. urticae, in terms of LT50 values, were recorded daily for 5 days. Enzyme activities were investigated by petri plate assays and clear zones formed around the colonies indicated enzymatic activities. All tested fungal isolates were pathogenic to the T. urticae causing mortality between 64.2±5.6% and 100% on the 5^th day after the application. LT50 values varied between 3.16±0.2 and 3.72±0.5 days. Mortality caused by PaF04 isolate was found to be significantly different (p<0.05). In conclusion, PaF isolates of B. bassiana have been determined to have potential to suppress T. urticae, in addition to their potential in control of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. The present results showed that the isolates used, especially PaF04, have a broad host range.

Keywords

• Beauveria bassiana,broad host range,Tetranychus urticae,enzyme activity

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