Öz

Su kullanıcıları, suyun güvenli olup olmadıklarına öncelikle onun tat ve kokusu gibi estetik özelliklerine bakarak karar vermektedir. Geosmin (GEO) ve 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), tatlısularda en yaygın olarak görülen tat ve koku bileşikleridir ve suyun toprak ve küf kokmasına neden olurlar. İnsanlar <10 ng/L gibi düşük konsantrasyonlarda dahi bu kokulara hassas olmalarından dolayı bu bileşiklerin içme sularında tüketici şikayetleri oluşmadan önce izlenmesi ve sorunun çözülmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu sebeple, problemin kaynağında çözümlenebilmesi için GEO ve MIB üreticilerinin tespit edilmesi gereklidir. Tatlısu ekosistemlerinde bu bileşiklerin başlıca üreticilerinden biri siyanobakterilerdir (Cyanobacteria). Bu çalışmada 13 örnek (9 siyanobakteri kültürü, Bafa Gölü, Elmalı Baraj Gölü, İznik Gölü, Küçükçekmece Gölü, Manyas Gölü, Taşkısığı Gölü’nden ve 4 çevresel su örneği, Günpınar, Erfelek şelaleleri ve Ömerli Baraj Gölü’nden) GEO ve MIB üretiminin tespiti için HS-SPME (Tepe Boşluğu-Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyon) GC-MS (Gaz Kromatografi-Kütle Spektrometresi) yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca siyanobakterilere özgü GEO ve MIB sentaz genlerinin varlığının tespiti için PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İki örnekte GC-MS ile tat ve koku üretimi tespit edilmiş ve 4 örnekte de PZR ile pozitif sonuç alınmıştır. Pozitif sonuç elde edilen örnekler Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, Phormidium Kützing ex Gomont ve Pseudanabaena Lauterborn cinslerinin baskın olduğu çevresel örneklerdir (3 şelale, 1 içme suyu kaynağı örneği). Bu çalışma Türkiye tatlısularındaki tat ve koku üreticisi siyanobakterilerin mikroskobik, analitik ve moleküler yöntemler birlikte kullanılarak tespit edildiği ilk kayıttır.

THE FIRST REPORT OF GEOSMIN AND 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL PRODUCER CYANOBACTERIA FROM TURKISH FRESHWATERS

Abstract

Water users consider the safety of water according to its aesthetic properties, primarily taste and odour. Geosmin (GEO) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are the most common taste and odour compounds in freshwaters which cause an earthy and musty odour in water. Since human nose can detect these compounds in concentrations as low as 10 ng/L, it is essential to monitor drinking waters before consumer complaints and to produce a timely solution. Therefore, it is necessary to identify GEO and MIB producers to manage the problem at its source. Cyanobacteria are one of the main producers of these compounds in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed 13 samples (9 cyanobacteria cultures from Bafa Lake, Elmalı Dam Lake, İznik Lake, Küçükçekmece Lake, Manyas Lake and Taşkısığı Lake, and 4 environmental water samples from Erfelek and Günpınar Waterfalls and Ömerli Dam Lake) for GEO and MIB production by HS-SPME (Head space-solid phase microextraction) coupled with GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The presence of Cyanobacteria-specific GEO and MIB synthase genes were also analyzed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Taste and odour production was confirmed in 2 samples by GC-MS while 4 samples yielded positive results by PCR. All positive samples were environmental samples (3 samples from waterfalls from Günpınar and Erfelek Waterfalls, 1 sample from Ömerli Dam Lake -a drinking water reservoir) which were dominated by Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, Phormidium Kützing ex Gomont and Pseudanabaena Lauterborn. This is the first report of GEO and MIB producing cyanobacteria in Turkish freshwaters by combining microscopy, analytical and molecular techniques.

Keywords

• Geosmin
• 2-Methylisoborneol
• Taste and Odour
• Cyanobacteria
• PCR
• GC-MS

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