Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 170 - 174, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.552893

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Barkhe MS, Yesalis CE. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids and related substances in sport and exercise. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2004 :4, 614-20.
  • 2. Borges T, Eisele G, Byrd C, 2001. Rewiev of androgenic anabolic steroid use. Office of Safeguards and Security U.S. Department of Energy, 1-18.
  • 3. Buskens V, Raub W, Van Miltenburg N, Montoya ER, Van Honk J, 2016. Testosterone Administration Moderates Effect of Social Environment on Trust in Women Depending on Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio. Scientific reports, 6:45-51.
  • 4. Carrier N, Saland SK, Duclot F, He H, Mercer R, Kabbaj M. The anxiolytic andantidepressant like effects of testosterone and estrogen in gonadectomized male rats. Biological psychiatry, 2015; 78(4), 259-69.
  • 5. Casavant MJ, Blake K, Pharmd JG, Yates A, Copley LM. Consequences of use of anabolic androgenic steroids. Pediatr Clin N Am, 2007; 54, 677-90.
  • 6. Comeglio P, Cellai I, Filippi S, Corno C, Corcetto F, Morelli A, Maggi M. Differential Effects of Testosterone and Estradiol on Clitoral Function: An Experimental Study in Rats. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2016: 13(12), 1858-71.
  • 7. Fontana K Campos GER, Staron RS, Cruz-Höfling MA, Effects of Anabolik Steroids and High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle of Transgenic Mice. PLoS One, 2013: 8(11), 1-8.
  • 8. Harmer PA. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among young male and female athletes: is the game to blame. Br J Sports Med, 2010: 44, 26-31.
  • 9. Hassan AF, Kamal MM. Effect of exercise training and anabolic androgenic steroids on hemodynamics, glycogen content, angiogenesis and apoptosis of cardiac muscle in adult male rats. Int J Health Sci, 2013: 7(1), 47-60.
  • 10. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA. Medical ıssues associated with anabolic steroid use: are they exaggerated. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2006: 5, 183-93.
  • 11. Kerr JM, Congeni JA . Anabolic-androgenic steroids: use and abuse in pediatric patients. Pediatr Clin N Am, 2007: 54, 7771-85.
  • 12. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids.British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008: 154, 502-21.
  • 13. Maravelias C, Dona A, Stefanidou M, Spiliopoulou C. Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes: A constant threat. Toxicol Lett, 2005: 158, 167-75.
  • 14. Naraghi MA, Abolhasani F, Kashani I, Anarkooli IJ, Hemadi M, Azami A, Barbarestani M, Aitken RJ, Shokri S. The effects of swimming exercise and supraphysiological doses of nandrolone decanoate on the testis in adult male rats: a transmission electron microscope study. Folia Morphol, 2010: 69 (3), 138–46.
  • 15. Papazisis G, Kouvelas D, Mastrogianni A, Karastergiou A. Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse and mood disorder. A case report Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2007: 10(2), 292-293.
  • 16. Rocha FL, Carmo EC, Roque FR, Hashimoto NY, Rossoni LV, Frimm C, Ane'as I, Negra'o CE, Krieger JE, Oliveira EM. Anabolic steroids induce cardiac renin-angiotens in system and impair the beneficial effects of aerobic training in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2007: 293(6), 3575-83.
  • 17. Shokri S, Hemadi M, Bayat G, Bahmanzadeh M, Jafari-Anarkooli I, Mashkani B. Combination of running exercise and high dose of anabolic androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, increasesprotamine deficiency and DNA damage in rat spermatozoa. Andrologia, 2014: 46(2), 184-90.
  • 18. Tasgin E, 2013. The effect of nandrolone decanoate on the concentrations of IL1-β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and biocheminal parameters in male and female rats. Selcuk University Health Sciences Institute, Phd Thesis, 36-42.
  • 19. Yavari A. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 2009: 5(3), 22-32.

Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 170 - 174, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.552893

Öz

Anabolic
Androgenic Steroids which are a synthetic derivative of testosterone are known
to be used by some sportsmen in order to improve performance. The present study
was conducted to investigate the effect of testosterone supplement on heart and
muscle damage in rats applied with swimming exercise. The study was conducted
on 30 day-old 27 (Wistar, male) rats that were supplied from “Selçuk University
Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center”. The rats were divided
into 4 groups. The rats in control groups (n:6) were fed during the study
without doing any application. The rats in testosteronegroup (n:7) were
supplied with a 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The
rats in exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes a
day for 5 days a weekfor 3 weeks. The rats in testosterone + exercise group
(n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes and were administered with
10 mg/kg dose of testosterone supplement for 5 days a week for 3 weeks. At the
end of the trial, necessary biochemical parameters were measured in serums
obtained by drawing blood from tails of the rats. While levels of Serum, LDH,
CK-MB, and CKwere studied by using an autoanalyzer, Troponin I level was
analyzed by using ELISA kit. SPSS 15.0 packaged software was usedin statistical
evaluation of the data and the results were given as mean±SE. Since the data
were convenient with the normal distribution, ANOVA test was applied for
betweengroups comparison and Duncan test was used to identify from which group
the difference was resulted. When between-groups values of troponin I, ck-MB,
and LDH, which are indicators of heart damage, and enzyme CK, which is an
indicator of muscle damage,for control, exercise, testosterone, and
testosterone+exercise groups were compared, a statistically significant
difference was determined between control, exercise, testosterone, and
testosterone+exercise groups (p<0.05). As a result of statistically analysis
performed on all groups, the difference was found to be caused by testosterone
and testosterone+exercise groups. Because testosterone production is naturally
increased in the body during the exercise, swimming exercise and testosterone
administration led to significant occurrence of troponin I, ck-MB, LDH, which
are heart damage indicators in rats, and CK value, which is an indicator of
muscle damage, in the blood.



Keywords: Testosterone,
Heart, Muscle Damage, Swimming Exercise

Kaynakça

  • 1. Barkhe MS, Yesalis CE. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids and related substances in sport and exercise. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2004 :4, 614-20.
  • 2. Borges T, Eisele G, Byrd C, 2001. Rewiev of androgenic anabolic steroid use. Office of Safeguards and Security U.S. Department of Energy, 1-18.
  • 3. Buskens V, Raub W, Van Miltenburg N, Montoya ER, Van Honk J, 2016. Testosterone Administration Moderates Effect of Social Environment on Trust in Women Depending on Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio. Scientific reports, 6:45-51.
  • 4. Carrier N, Saland SK, Duclot F, He H, Mercer R, Kabbaj M. The anxiolytic andantidepressant like effects of testosterone and estrogen in gonadectomized male rats. Biological psychiatry, 2015; 78(4), 259-69.
  • 5. Casavant MJ, Blake K, Pharmd JG, Yates A, Copley LM. Consequences of use of anabolic androgenic steroids. Pediatr Clin N Am, 2007; 54, 677-90.
  • 6. Comeglio P, Cellai I, Filippi S, Corno C, Corcetto F, Morelli A, Maggi M. Differential Effects of Testosterone and Estradiol on Clitoral Function: An Experimental Study in Rats. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2016: 13(12), 1858-71.
  • 7. Fontana K Campos GER, Staron RS, Cruz-Höfling MA, Effects of Anabolik Steroids and High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle of Transgenic Mice. PLoS One, 2013: 8(11), 1-8.
  • 8. Harmer PA. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among young male and female athletes: is the game to blame. Br J Sports Med, 2010: 44, 26-31.
  • 9. Hassan AF, Kamal MM. Effect of exercise training and anabolic androgenic steroids on hemodynamics, glycogen content, angiogenesis and apoptosis of cardiac muscle in adult male rats. Int J Health Sci, 2013: 7(1), 47-60.
  • 10. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA. Medical ıssues associated with anabolic steroid use: are they exaggerated. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2006: 5, 183-93.
  • 11. Kerr JM, Congeni JA . Anabolic-androgenic steroids: use and abuse in pediatric patients. Pediatr Clin N Am, 2007: 54, 7771-85.
  • 12. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids.British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008: 154, 502-21.
  • 13. Maravelias C, Dona A, Stefanidou M, Spiliopoulou C. Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes: A constant threat. Toxicol Lett, 2005: 158, 167-75.
  • 14. Naraghi MA, Abolhasani F, Kashani I, Anarkooli IJ, Hemadi M, Azami A, Barbarestani M, Aitken RJ, Shokri S. The effects of swimming exercise and supraphysiological doses of nandrolone decanoate on the testis in adult male rats: a transmission electron microscope study. Folia Morphol, 2010: 69 (3), 138–46.
  • 15. Papazisis G, Kouvelas D, Mastrogianni A, Karastergiou A. Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse and mood disorder. A case report Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2007: 10(2), 292-293.
  • 16. Rocha FL, Carmo EC, Roque FR, Hashimoto NY, Rossoni LV, Frimm C, Ane'as I, Negra'o CE, Krieger JE, Oliveira EM. Anabolic steroids induce cardiac renin-angiotens in system and impair the beneficial effects of aerobic training in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2007: 293(6), 3575-83.
  • 17. Shokri S, Hemadi M, Bayat G, Bahmanzadeh M, Jafari-Anarkooli I, Mashkani B. Combination of running exercise and high dose of anabolic androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, increasesprotamine deficiency and DNA damage in rat spermatozoa. Andrologia, 2014: 46(2), 184-90.
  • 18. Tasgin E, 2013. The effect of nandrolone decanoate on the concentrations of IL1-β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and biocheminal parameters in male and female rats. Selcuk University Health Sciences Institute, Phd Thesis, 36-42.
  • 19. Yavari A. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 2009: 5(3), 22-32.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makeleler
Yazarlar

Ömer Kulaksız Bu kişi benim

Sefa Lök

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2019
Kabul Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kulaksız, Ö., & Lök, S. (2019). Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21(1), 170-174. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.552893
AMA Kulaksız Ö, Lök S. Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise. Turk J Sport Exe. Nisan 2019;21(1):170-174. doi:10.15314/tsed.552893
Chicago Kulaksız, Ömer, ve Sefa Lök. “Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied With Swimming Exercise”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 21, sy. 1 (Nisan 2019): 170-74. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.552893.
EndNote Kulaksız Ö, Lök S (01 Nisan 2019) Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 21 1 170–174.
IEEE Ö. Kulaksız ve S. Lök, “Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise”, Turk J Sport Exe, c. 21, sy. 1, ss. 170–174, 2019, doi: 10.15314/tsed.552893.
ISNAD Kulaksız, Ömer - Lök, Sefa. “Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied With Swimming Exercise”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 21/1 (Nisan 2019), 170-174. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.552893.
JAMA Kulaksız Ö, Lök S. Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise. Turk J Sport Exe. 2019;21:170–174.
MLA Kulaksız, Ömer ve Sefa Lök. “Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied With Swimming Exercise”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 21, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 170-4, doi:10.15314/tsed.552893.
Vancouver Kulaksız Ö, Lök S. Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise. Turk J Sport Exe. 2019;21(1):170-4.
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