Experimental Study of the Flash Temperature Parameter for the Blends of Soybean Oil with Carbon Nano-Particle

Year 2026, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 197 - 203, 16.12.2025

Mohammed Hassan Jabal , Arshad Abdul Jaleil Hameed , Abdulrahman Shakir Mahmood

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1713826

Abstract

The escalating environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based lubricants have intensified the search for sustainable alternatives. While vegetable oils offer promising biodegradability and renewability, their tribological performance often falls short of mineral oils. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of soybean oil by blending it with Carbon Nano Particles (CNPs), addressing a critical research gap in the application of nano-additives to this specific bio-oil. The primary motivation is to develop an environmentally friendly lubricant with performance characteristics that rival or surpass conventional mineral oil. The methodology involved an experimental investigation using a four-ball tribotester according to ASTM D4172 standards. Soybean oil was blended with CNP additives at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt.%, and its performance was compared to both neat soybean oil and a commercial mineral oil. Key findings reveal that the 3.0 wt.% CNP blend (SOC3) demonstrated superior performance: it yielded the smallest wear scar diameter (WSD) (364.01 µm), the lowest coefficient of friction (0.0133), and the highest flash temperature parameter (164.62), significantly outperforming both neat soybean oil and the mineral oil benchmark. The significance of these results is profound, demonstrating that CNP additives can effectively mitigate the inherent limitations of soybean oil. This study conclusively shows that soybean-CNP blends are not merely eco-friendly alternatives but are high-performance lubricants capable of reducing wear and friction, thereby offering a viable and sustainable substitute for petroleum-based products in industrial applications.

Keywords

Soybean oil , Flash temperature parameter , Carbon Nano Partial (CNP) , Mineral oil , Four ball machines

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