Multi-trait evaluation of insecticidal treatments against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulus Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in rice using integrated analytical and visualization approaches

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis

SAMPLE TEMPLATE: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/22272

PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPT

Manuscript submitted to the journal should be prepared on A4 size paper in 12 point, Times New Roman font, leaving 2,5 cm blank spaces all four margins of each page. Please ensure the text of your paper is double-spaced and has consecutive line numbering - this is an essential peer review requirement. Each page should be numbered.


Manuscript Structure

There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Tittle, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.

Title: The title of manuscript should contain short and illustrative not exceeding twenty words.

Abstract: A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords: Immediately after the abstract, this section should be contain maximum of 6 keywords in alphabetical order.

Subdivision-numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material(s) and methods
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. Results and Discussion should be two separate sections.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

References
Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, journal name, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself, they should be arranged according to the following examples:

Text:
All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references can be listed either first alphabetically, then chronologically, or vice versa.

Examples: as demonstrated (Sengül, 2015; Demir, 2017), (Bilge and Yildiz, 2017; Yilmaz et al., 2018) … Thomson (2016) reported as ….. Ozturk and Bulut (2018) have recently repoted …… Hassanpour et al. (2010) have recently shown …….

List:
References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.


Examples: (According to: APA)

Reference to a journal publication:
Aglar, E., Ozturk, B., Guler, S.K., Karakaya, O., Uzun, S., & Saracoglu, O. (2017). Effect of modified atmosphere packaging and ‘Parka’ treatments on fruit quality characteristics of sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L. ‘0900 Ziraat’) during cold storage and shelf life. Sci. Hortic. 222, 162-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.024

Reference to a book:
Hartmann, H. T., & Kester, D. E. (1975). Plant propagation: principles and practices. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Brown, B., & Aaron, M. (2001). The politics of nature. The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp. 5-15

Proceedings
Balık, H. İ., Balık, S. K., Erdogan, V., Kafkas, S., Beyhan, N., Duyar, Ö., & Köse, Ç. (2017, August). Clonal selection in'Tombul'hazelnut: preliminary results. In IX International Congress on Hazelnut 1226 (pp. 53-58)



Reference to a website

FAO, 2019. Crops Production Quality. http://www.fao.org/home/en/ (accessed 15 April 2019).

Thesis
Karakaya, M. (2016). Effects of different treatments on fruit quality of Piraziz apple during cold storage. Master’s Thesis (or Doctoral Thesis), Ordu University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ordu.

Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations

(https://images.webofknowledge.com/images/help/WOS/A_abrvjt.html).

Figures
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
The statistical significance should be stated using P values (P<0.01) or ** symbols for which description should be given.

Units
SI unit systems should be used, / symbol should not be used in preparation of manuscript. (N or kg m^-3 instead of kg or kg/m³).

Abbreviations and symbols
Abbreviations and symbols (if necessary) should be given in parentheses. Abbreviations should not be used in the manuscript title or subtitles. Formulas should be given as ‘equation’ and numbered in manuscript.
The author(s) visit the website and send e-mail to the journal for further information, any other request and look at the sample manuscript format.