Effect of seasonal shift on the proximate nutritional composition of some plant materials from the aquaponics farming

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 116 - 126

Labaran Ibrahim

https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1420375

Abstract

This study intends to evaluate the variations of the proximate nutritional makers of some plant samples [red chili (RCH) fruit, red tomato (RTO) fruit, green spinach (GSP) leaf, and green lettuce (GLE) leaf] from aquaponics farming in relation to seasons. The research was carried out for the duration of four (4) periods (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). The proximate nutritional parameters determined were total moisture (TMO), crude ash (CAS), crude fibre (CFI), total carbohydrate (TCA), and soluble protein (SPR). The CAS, CFI, TCA, and SPR levels of the RCH, RTO, GSP, and GLE plant materials are significantly (P<0.05) difference among seasons. The CAS, CFI, TCA, and SPR amounts of each experimental plant materials increases significantly (P<0.05) in the summer in comparison to winter, spring, and autumn. However, the TMO content of above plant samples was detected to increase significantly (P<0.05) in the winter season. The findings of this research indicated that shifts in the seasonal factors such as temperature, solar intensity, and daylight length have revealed differences in the proximate nutritional indices of the study plant materials from aquaponics farming

Keywords

Proximate nutritional makers, red tomato, seasonal factors, total carbohydrate, winter period

Ethical Statement

Not applicable

Supporting Institution

This research received no financial support

Thanks

A warm regard to the Rhodes University, Makhanda town, South Africa, for giving resources to carry out this experimental work. Thanks to Mr. John Davies, the research aquaponics technology owner, for his assistance and keeping the system working to ensure that the study was completed within the stipulated period of time

References

• Adeyeye. I. E. (2005). Trace metals in soils and plants from Fadiman farms in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 19(1), 23–33. doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v19i1.21106
• Albalasmeh, A. A., Berhe, A. A., & Ghezzehei, T. M. (2013). A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97, 253–261. doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072
• Ananthan, R. Subash, K., & Longvah, T. (2014). Assessment of nutrient composition and Capsaicinoid content of some red chilies. International Conference on Food and Nutrition Technology, 72, 1–4. doi.org/10.7763/IPCBEE. 2014. V72. 1
• AOAC, (2005). Official methods of Analysis of Association of Analytical Chemists. AOAC International, 18th edn. Horwitz, W. Vol. 1 & 2, AOAC International Maryland, USA, pp. 774-784.
• Asaolu, S. S., Adefemi, O. S., Oyakilome, I. G., Ajibulu, K. E., & Asaolu, M. F. (2012). Proximate and mineral composition of Nigerian leafy vegetables. Journal of Food Research, 3(1), 214–218. doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n3p214
• Bangash, J. V., Arif, M., Khan, F., Khan, F., Rahman, A. U., & Hussain, I. (2011). Proximate composition, minerals and vitamins content of selected vegetables grown in Peshawar. Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan, 33(1), 118–122.
• Barman, P., Sen, M., & Pal, K. M. (2015). Comparative analysis of nutrients of five selected leafy vegetables cultivated in land-filled and normal ground in the city of Kolkata. International Journal of Current Research, 7(15), 15958–15962.
• Birnin-Yauri, U. A., Yahaya, Y., Bagudo, B. U., & Noma, S. S. (2011). Seasonal variation in nutrient content of some selected vegetables from Wamakko, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 2(4), 117–125.
• Blidariu, F., & Grozea, A. (2011). Increasing the economic efficiency and sustainability of indoor fish farming by means of aquaponics – Review. Bulletin of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2, 44.
• Bradford, M. M. (1976). Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248–254. doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999
• Brook, R. (2017). Home aquaponics system. Top ten benefits of having aquaponics at home. http:www.homeaquaponicssystem.com/basics/top-10-benefits-of-having-aquaponics-at-home (accessed 12 April 2023).
• Caruso, G., Villari, G., Melchionna, G., & Conti, S. (2011). Effects of cultural cycles and nutrient solutions on plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) grown in hydroponics. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(3), 479–485. doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.04.020
• Castro, R. S., Azevedo C. M. S. B., & Bezerra-Neto, F. (2006). Increasing cherry tomato yield using fish effluent as irrigation water in Northeast Brazil. Scientia Horticulturae, 110, 44–50. doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.06.006
• Castro, M., Teixeira, A., & Fernandez-Nunez, E. (2021). The nutritive value of different Mediterranean browse species used as animal feeds under oak silvo-pastoral systems in Northern Portugal. Agroforest System, 95, 269–278.
• Dalhatu, T. A., Charles, O. E. V., Cyril, O., & Saidu, M. M. (2018). Comparative evaluation of the phytochemical, proximate and mineral quality of Nigerian Capsicum annum exposed to open and solar drying. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(2), 139–144. doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0128
• Diver, S. (2006). Aquaponics—integration of hydroponics with aquaculture. National Centre for Appropriate Technology (NCAT), Butte, ATTRA publication, 163, pp. 1–28.
• DuBois, M., Gilles, K., Hamilton, J., Rebers, P., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28(3), 350–356. doi.org/10.1038/168167a0
• Ferreyra, R. M., Vina, S. Z., Mugridge, A., & Chaves, A. R. (2007). Growth and ripening season effects on antioxidant capacity of strawberry cultivar Selva. Scientia Horticulturae, 112, 27–32. doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2006.12.001
• Flavius, B., & Grozea, A. (2011). Increasing the economic efficiency and sustainability of indoor fish farming by means of aquaponics-review. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2(44), 1–8.
• Hanif, R., Iqbal, Z., Iqbal, M., Hanifa, S., & Raheed, M. (2006). Use of vegetables as nutritional foods: Role in Human Health. International Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 1(1), 18–21.
• Herrera. R. S., Verdecia, D. M., Ramirez, J. L., Garcia, M., & Cruz, A. M. (2017). Secondary metabolites of Leucaena leucocephala. Their relatioship with some climate elements, differents expression of digestibility and primary metabolites. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1), 107–116.
• Kumar, D., Kumar, S., & Shekhar, C. (2020). Nutritional components in green leafy vegetables: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5), 2498–2502.
• Lee, S. K., & Kader, A. A. (2000). Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 20, 207–220. doi.org/10.1533/9780857093622.112
• Love, D. C., Fry, J. P., Li, X., Hill, E. S., Genello, L., Semmens, K., & Thompson, R. E. (2015). Commercial aquaponics production and profitability: Findings from an international survey. Aquaculture, 435, 67–74. doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.09.023
• Mannem, K., Madhu C. H., Asha V. S., & Kumar, V. P. (2012). Quantitative evaluation of carbohydrate levels in green leafy vegetables for home use by UV-visible spectrophotometer. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 3(8), 1–2.
• Mchunu, N., Lagerwall, G., & Senzanje, A. (2018). Aquaponics in South Africa: Results of a national survey. Aquaculture Reports, 12, 12–19. doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.08.001
• Mudzengi, I. P., Murwira, A., Halimani, T., Fritz, H., & Murungweni, C. (2020). Relationships between farmer perceptions andtemporal variation in nutritive value of browse species on savanna rangelands. African Journal of Range Forest Science, 37(3), 237–242. doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2020.1779125
• Nuri, A., Didah N. F., & Yolanda, S. (2014). Dietary fibre content of water leaf (Talinum triangularre (Jacq.) wild) cultivated with organic and conventional fertilization in different seasons. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(2), 53– 55.
• Obirikorang, K. A., Sekey, W., Gyampoh, B. A., Ashiagbor, G., & Asante, W. (2021). Aquaponics for improved food security in Africa: A review. Frontiers Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 1–10. doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.705549
• Rakocy, J. E., & Hargreaves, J. A. (1993). Integration of vegetable hydroponics with fish culture: In: Techniques for modern aquaculture of American society of agriculture engineers. St. Joseph, USA, pp. 112–136.
• Ranawade, P. S., Tidke. S. D., & Kate, A. K. (2017). Comparative cultivation and biochemical analysis of Spinacia oleraceae grown in aquaponics, hydroponics and field conditions. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(4), 1007-1013.
• Sani, H. A., Tsafe, A. I., Bagudo, B. U., & Itodo, A. U. (2011) Toxic metals uptake by spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivated in Sokoto: A comparative study. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10(6), 572–576.
• Savidov, N., & Hutchings, E. R. (2005). Fish and plant production in a recirculating aquaponic system: A new approach to sustainable agriculture in Canada. Acta Horticulturae, 742, 209–224. doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.742.28
• Savidov, N. A. (2004). Annual report of greenhouse crops program for 2003/2004. CDC., South, Canada, p. 470.
• Sharma, J., Sharma, P., Sharma, B., & Chaudhary, P. (2017). Estimation of proximate composition of selected species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chinense) Grown in India. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 5(3), 369–372. doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5055
• Singh, G. A. K., & Sehgal, S. (2001). Nutritional composition of selected green leafy vegetables, herbs, and carrots. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 56, 359–364. doi.org/10.1023/A:1011873119620
• Timmons, M. B., Ebling, J. M., Wheaton, F. W., Summer-felt, S. T., & Vinci B. J. (2002). Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. 2nd end. Northern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication, No. 01-002. Cayuga Aquaculyural Ventures Ithaca, New York. ISBN-13:978-097126461.