Some Bio-Technical Properties of Flax Seeds, Fennel Seeds and Harmal Seed Capsules

Abstract

Some bio-technical properties of flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules were determined. The size dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of flax seeds and fennel seeds were as 4.31 mm, 2.28 mm, 0.87 mm; 6.93 mm, 2.13 mm, 1.75 mm, respectively. The diameter and length for harmal seed capsules were 9.07 mm and 6.65 mm, respectively. The true density (ρt) was determined using the liquid displacement method, and the bulk density (ρb) was determined using the hectolitre tester. The bulk density for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules were determined as 384.3 kg m-3, 270.5 kg m-3 and 201.5 kg m-3, while, true density was found as 1256.5 kg m-3, 664.6 kg m-3, 936.2 kg m-3 for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules, respectively. The sphericity of for flax seeds, fennel seeds and harmal seed capsules were obtained as 0.47, 0.43, 0.72, respectively. The angle of repose was obtained as 13.84º, 17.35º, 29.94º for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules, respectively. The rubber friction surface has given the highest static friction coefficient for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules.

Keywords

• Flax seed
• Fennek seed
• Harmal seed capsule
• Size dimension
• Bulk density
• Angle repose

References

1. Abalone R, Cassinera A, Gaston A and Lara MA (2004). Some physical properties of amaranth seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 89 (1): 109-117.
2. Altuntas E and Demirtola H (2007). Effect of moisture content on physical properties of some grain legume seeds. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 35: 423–433.
3. Altuntas E, Ozgoz E and Taser OF (2005). Some physical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gaceum L.) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 71: 37-43.
4. Altuntaş E and Erdoğan M (2017). Determination of some physical properties of allspice (Pimenta dioica L.) fruit. Anadolu J Agr Sci, 32 (3): 316-320 (in Turkish).
5. Altuntaş E and Naneli İ (2017). Geometric, Gravimetric and Frictional Properties of White and Black Quinoa Seeds. Gaziosmanpasa Journal of Scientific Research, 6(1): 1-8. (in Turkish)
6. Baryeh EA (2002). Physical properties of millet. Journal of Food Engineering, 51(1): 39-46.
7. Coskuner Y and Karababa E (2007). Some physical properties of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 78: 1067–1073.
8. Gölükcü M Toker R Ayas F and Çınar N (2014) Some physical and chemical properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed and fatty acid composition of seed oil. Derim, 31 (1): 17-24.

9. Gupta RK and Das SK (1997). Physical properties of sunflower grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 66: 1-8.
10. Ixtaina VY, Nolascoa SM and Tom´as MC (2008). Physical properties of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 28: 286-293.
11. Kaleemullah S and Gunasekar JJ (2002). Moisture-dependent physical properties of arecanut trues. Biosystem Engineering, 82(3): 331-338.
12. Mohsenin NN (1986). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
13. Önen H, Altuntaş E, Özgöz E, Bayram M and Özcan S (2014). Moisture Effect on Physical Properties of Knotweed (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.) seeds. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University (JAFAG), 31 (2): 15-22.
14. Pukkaherbs (2016). Fennel. http://pukkaherbs.de/stories/plants/introducing-fennel (01.05.2017).Sacilik K, Ozturk R and Keskin R (2003). Some physical proprieties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86 (2): 191-198.
15. Selvi KC, Pinar Y and Yesiloglu E (2006). Some physical properties of linseed. Biosystems Engineering, 95 (4): 607-612.
16. Shafiee S, Modares Motlagh A and Minaei S (2010). Moisture dependent physical properties of fennel seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(17): 2315-2320.
17. Singh KK and Goswami TK (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 64(2): 93-98.
18. Suthar SH and Das SK (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrus lanatus (thumb) mansf] grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65(1): 15–22.
19. Tavakoli M, Naghdi Badi H, Rafiee H, Labbafi MR, Ghorbani Nohooji MZ and Mehrafarin, A (2014). Physico-chemical Properties of Seeds in Valuable Medicinal Species of the Genus Salvia L. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(51): 71-83.‎
20. The Herb Society of America (2016). Fennel. http://www.herbsociety.org. (20.06.2017).
21. Tunde-Akintunde TY, Akintunde BO (2004). Some physical properties of sesame seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 88: 127–129.
22. Wikipedia (2016a). Medicinal_plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants. (13.07.2017).
23. Wikipedia (2016b). Peganum harmala. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peganum_harmala (04.08.2017).
24. Zewdu AD (2011). Moisture-dependent physical properties of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seeds. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 94 (3): 278-284.