Effects of Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Sulfoxaflor on Developmental Processes and Behavior in Zebrafish Embryo-Larvae

Abstract

Sulfoxaflor (SFX) is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used to control pests and poses a risk to non-target organisms. The effects of this insecticide, which is known to have toxic effects on non-target organisms, on aquatic organisms, are not fully known. In this study, the developmental toxicity and behavioral effects of sulfoxaflor insecticide in zebrafish embryos and larvae were investigated. Zebrafish embryo-larvae were exposed to different doses of sulfoxaflor (1, 10, and 50 ppm) for 96 hours, and parameters indicative of developmental toxicity such as survival rate, chorion exit rate, and morphological changes were examined. In addition, the effects of sulfoxaflor on the behavior of zebrafish larvae at the 96th hour were determined by locomotor activity (total distance and speed). Results showed that SFX exposure caused a delay in embryo chorion exit and a significant increase in embryo larvae mortality, especially in the 50 ppm administration group. It was observed that SFX caused different malformations (pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and spine and tail deformation, small eye formation) depending on the dose. In the behavioral test at 96th hour of SFX exposure, it was observed that the total distance and speed increased significantly in the 50 ppm application group, causing hyperactivity in the larvae. This study will provide data to evaluate the potential toxic effects of sulfoxaflor on aquatic organisms.

Keywords

• Behavior
• Malformation
• Sulfoxaflor
• Zebrafish

Sulfoxaflor’a Maruz Kalan Zebra Balığı Embriyo ve Larvalarında Gelişimsel Süreçler ve Davranış Üzerine Etkiler

Abstract

Sulfoxaflor (SFX), zararlıları kontrol etmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir neonikotinoid insektisittir ve hedef olmayan organizmalar için risk oluşturmaktadır. Hedef olmayan canlılar üzerine toksik etkilere sahip olduğu bilinen bu insektisitin sucul canlılardaki etkileri tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada sulfoxaflor insektisitinin zebra balığı embriyo ve larvalarında gelişimsel toksisitesi ve davranış üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Zebra balığı embriyo-larvalarına 96 saat boyunca farklı dozlarda (1, 10 ve 50 ppm) sulfoxaflor maruz bırakılmış ve hayatta kalma oranı, koryondan çıkış oranı ve morfolojik değişiklikler gibi gelişimsel toksisite göstergesi olan parametreler incelendi. Ayrıca zebra balığı larvalarında 96.saatte davranış üzerine sulfoxaflorun etkileri locomotor akitive (toplam mesafe ve hız) ile belirlendi. Sonuçlar, SFX maruziyetinin embriyo koryondan çıkışında gecikmeye ve özellikle 50 ppm uygulama grubunda embriyo-larvalarda ölümlerinde önemli bir artışa yol açtığı belirlendi. SFX doza bağlı olarak farklı malformasyonlara (pericardial ödem, besin kesesi ödemi, omurga ve kuyruk deformasyonu, küçük göz oluşumu) neden olduğu gözlemlendi. SFX maruziyeti 96.saatte davranış testinde 50 ppm uygulama grubunda toplam mesafe ve hızın önemli oranda artarak larvalarda hiperaktiviteye sebep olduğu görüldü. Bu çalışma, sulfoxaflorun suda yaşayan organizmalar üzerindeki potansiyel toksik etkilerini değerlendirmek için veri sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

• Davranış
• Malformasyon
• Sulfoxaflor
• Zebra balığı

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