Effects of Copper, Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Applied with Irrigation Water on Some Eggplant Plant Growth Parameters and Soil Properties

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 377 - 383, 10.11.2014

Fatma Özkay Sevinç Kıran İsmail Taş , Şebnem Kuşvuran

Abstract

Sustainability of agriculture is only ensured by proper soil and water preservation practices. The idea of re-use of wastewater in agriculture is the critical issue regarding with the use and preservation of water resources in today’s water scarce conditions. However, heavy metals and trace elements in waste water are important contaminants for plants and soils. Heavy metals create a significant threat on health of environment, plants and eventually on the health of humans and animals. In this study, eggplant seedlings were irrigated with increasing doses of Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd)-containing irrigation waters to investigate the effects of heavy metal concentrations on plant morphological characteristics (stem length, root length, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, leaf area) and soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity, cathion exchange capacity, organic matter). While significant changes were not observed in soil properties, effects of heavy metal treatments on plant morphological characteristics were found to be significant (p< 0.05).

Keywords

Copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, eggplant, stress

Bakır, Çinko, Kurşun ve Kadmiyum’lu Sulama Suyu Uygulamalarının Bazı Patlıcan Genotiplerinin Büyüme Parametrelerine ve Toprak Özelliklerine Etkisi

Abstract

Tarımın sürdürülebilirliği, ancak uygun toprak ve su koruma uygulamaları ile sağlanmaktadır. Tarımda atıksuyun yeniden kullanım fikri, su kıtlığının yaşandığı bu günlerde su kaynaklarının korunması ve kullanımında kritik öneme haiz bir konudur. Ancak, atıksulardaki ağır metaller ve iz elementler bitki ve topraklar için önemli kirleticilerdendir. Ağır metaller, çevre ve bitki sağlığının yanında insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerinde önemli bir tehdit unsurudur. Bu çalışmada, artan dozlarda Bakır (Cu), Çinko (Zn), Kurşun (Pb) ve Kadmiyum (Cd) içeren sulama sularıyla sulanan patlıcan fidelerinin, bitki morfolojik özellikleri (bitki gövde uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, gövde yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, yaprak alanı) ve toprak özellikleri (pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, katyon değişim kapasitesi, organik madde) üzerinde ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının etkileri incelenmiştir. Ağır metal uygulamalarının toprak özellikleri üzerindeki değişimleri istatistiksel açıdan önemsiz iken, bitki morfolojik özellikleri üzerinde (p <0.05) anlamlı olarak bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Bakır, çinko, kurşun, kadmiyum, patlıcan, stres

References

• Alloway B.J., 1995. Soil Processes and Behaviour of Metals. Heavy Metals in Soils. Alloway, 2nd Ed.Blackie Academic & Professional, An imprint of Chapman & Hall, U K.
• Appenroth K.J., 2010. Definition of Heavy Metals and Their Role in Biological Systems. I. Sherameti and A. Varma (eds.), Soil Heavy Metals, Soil Biology, Vol 19, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg .
• Ayers R.S. and Westcot D.W., 1994. Water Quality For Agriculture. FAO Irrıgatıon And Draınage Paper. 29 Rev. 1. Roma
• Barcelo J., Poschenrieder C., 2004. Structural and ultrastructural changes in heavy metal exposed plants. In: Prasad MNV (ed) Heavy metal stress in plants, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 223–248
• Chlopecka A., Bacon J.R., Wılson M.J., Kay J., 1996. Forms of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in contaminated soils from southwest Poland. Journal of Environmental Quality. 25, 69.
• Clemens S., 2006. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie 88:1707–1719.
• Deka J., Sarma H. P., 2012. Heavy metal contamination in soil in an industrial zone and its relation with some soil properties. Scholars Research Library. Archives of Applied Science Research, 4 (2):831-836.
• Dinakar, N., Nagajyothi, P.C., Suresh, S., Udaykiran, Y., Damodharam, T., 2008. Phytotoxicity of cadmium on protein, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities in growing Arachis hypogaea L. Seedlings. Journal of Environmental Sciences 20: 199–206.
• Fodor F (2002) Physiological responses of vascular plants to heavy metals. In: Prasad MNV, Strzalka K (eds) Physiology and biochemistry of metal toxicity and tolerance in plants. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dortrech, pp 149–177
• Gratao, P.L., Monteiro, C.C., Antunes, A.M., Peres, L.E.P., Azevedo, R.A., 2008. Acquired tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom) plants to cadmium-induced stress. Ann Appl Biol., 153: 321–333.
• Jackson, M.L., 1962. Soil Chemical Anlysis Prentice Hall. Inc. Cliffs., USA. John, R., Ahmad, P., Gadgil, K., Sharma, S., 2009. Heavy metal toxicity: effect on plant growth, biochemical parameters and metal accumulation by Brassica juncea L. Journal International Journal of Plant Production, 3 (3): 65-76.
• Kopittke, P.M., Menzies, N.W., 2006. Effect of Cu toxicity on growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant Soil 279:287-296.
• -
• Lagriffoul, A., Mocquot, B., Mench, M., Vangronsveld, J., 1998. Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and activities of stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays L.). Plant and Soil 200: 241–250.
• Poschenrieder C., Barcelo J., 2004. Water relations in heavy metal stressed plants. In: Prasad MNV (ed) Heavy metal stress in plants, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 249–270
• Rakesh Sharma, M.S. and Raju, N.S., 2013. Correlation of Heavy Metal contamination with Soil properties of Industrial areas of Mysore, Karnataka, India by Cluster analysis. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. Vol. 2(10), 22-27.
• Richards, L.A., 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. U.S.D.A. Handbook, no: 60, USA.
• Sandalio, L.M., Dalurzo, H.C., Gomez, M., Romero- Puertas, M.C., Del-Rio, L.A., 2001. Cadmium-induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52 (364): 2115-2126.
• Shuman, M.S., Cromer, J.L., 1979. Copper association with aquatic fulvic and humic acids. Estimation of conditional formation constants with a titrimetric anodic stripping voltammetry procedure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13(5):543-545 (1979)
• Tabaldi, L.A., Ruppenthal, R., Cargnelutti, D., Morsch, V.M., Pereira, L.B., Schetinger, M.R.C., 2007. Effects of metal elements on acid phosphatase activity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59: 43–48
• Tanyolac¸ D., Ekmekci, Y., Unalan, S., 2007. Changes in photochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves exposed to excess copper. Chemosphere 67: 89–98.
• Wild, A., 2003. Soils, Land and Food: Managing The Land During The Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Pres.