Effect of Drought on the Yield Components of Common Winter Wheat Cultivars

тatyana Petrova; еmil Penchev

Effect of Drought on the Yield Components of Common Winter Wheat Cultivars

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-1, 641 - 646, 01.03.2014

Abstract

Drought is a typical frequent phenomenon for Bulgaria occurring with variable severity every 5 or 6 years. Since the end of the 20th century a tendency has been observed toward lower amount of rainfalls and warmer weather during the vegetation period. Therefore special attention is to be paid to the tolerance of the cultivars and their ability to preserve to a high degree their high productivity under drought as well. This investigation was carried out under greenhouse construction at the Laboratory Complex of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo (DAI). Fifteen common winter wheat cultivars were tested for three years in two variants – under conditions of severe and long-lasting drought and under regular watering. The plants from the drought variant were watered only once after planting and were grown under progressive drought till harvest. The check variant was watered at planting and during the vegetation soil moisture close to the optimal was maintained. The traits related to productivity were investigated: date to heading, stem height, number of spikes per row, number of grains per spike, 1000 kernel weight, weight of grain per spike. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the behavior of the cultivars under long-lasting drought, their productivity and the components determining it were studied. The yield from a row in the watered variant was determined mostly by the number of spikes per row, the grain size and the productivity of the spike. Under drought, the productivity of the spike became most important for yield, followed by number of spikes, grain size and number of grains per spike. The highest level of stress did almost linear the relation of grain weight per spike with grain weight per row. Cultivars Ludogorie, Progress, Karat, Kristy, Antitsa and Galateya were referred to the category of the drought-resistant standard Yantur. Under watering, these cultivars gave yields exceeding the average value of the investigated group, cultivars Kristy and Ludogorie being with the highest production potential

Keywords

Common winter wheat, drought, productivity, components of productivity

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