Symptoms, Etiology and Control of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck in Bulgaria

Neshka Pıperkova; Irina Yonkova

Symptoms, Etiology and Control of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck in Bulgaria

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-1, 817 - 822, 01.03.2014

Abstract

Sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a disease complex (SBFS) that causes superficial blemishes on fruits, leaves and stems. The cosmetic damages of the cuticle occur in humid temperate regions. This results in shortening the storage life of the fruits due to increased water loss. Fungi associated with SBFS have not been described in Bulgaria yet. We obtained a few isolates from discrete sooty blotch and flyspeck symptoms on apple fruits and leaves of the cultivars Melrose, Idared and Winter Banana. Two of them were identified as Peltaster fruticola Johnson and Geastrumia polystigmatis Batista & M. L. Farr, using morphological and cultural characteristics of in vitro and primary pathogenicity tests. The screening of the fungicides was carried out under laboratory conditions using Thornberry method. It showed that the most efficient against Geastrumia polystigmatis were Tiram 80% (as Tiram) – 97.8%, followed by Cyprodinil (as Chorus) – 71.81% and Folpet + Triadimenol (as Shavit) – 64.63% inhibition on mycelial growth. Copper hydroxide 87.7% (as Vitra) – 98.66%, Tiram 80% (as Tiram) – 98.54%, Cyprodinil (as Chorus) – 95.76% and Copper hydroxide 77% (as Funguran) – 95.69% highly inhibited the radial growth of Peltaster fruticola

Keywords

sooty blotch and flyspeck, apple, etiology, Peltaster fruticola, Geastrumia polystigmatis, in vitro fungicide screening

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