Farklı Sulama Suyu Tuzluluk Seviyelerinin Sakız Fasulyesi (Cyamopsis tetraganoloba)’nin Çimlenmesi Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 130 - 137, 21.04.2017

Neslihan Akçaman İsmail Taş , Yalçın Coşkun

Abstract

Araştırma,  8
adet sakız fasulyesi (125-1, 1-1, 40-1, 57-1, 62-4, 94, 98, 114) hattında, SAR
değeri 3’den küçük olacak şekilde farklı tuz kaynaklarından (NaCO₃,
MgCl₂, CaCl₂), farklı seviyelerde sulama suyu elektriksel
iletkenlik (ECi) değerlerine (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 dS m^-1)
sahip sulama sularının çimlenme üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla
laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Yapılan varyans analizleri sonucuna
göre, sakız fasulyesi tohumlarının çimlenme hızı ve çimlenme gücü üzerine
sulama suyu tuzluluğunun istatistiki açıdan önemli (p< 0.05) etkileri olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Sulama suyu tuzluluğu arttıkça çimlenme hızı ve çimlenme gücü
azalma göstermiştir. Çimlenme hızı dikkate alındığında 8 dS m^-1’lik uygulama
seviyesinde, Dünya Tohumcular Birliği tarafından önerilen oranda (%80) çimlenme
meydana gelmektedir. Çimlenme gücünde ise 12 dS  m^-1 uygulamasından
itibaren etkilenmenin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genotipler de ise çimlenme hızı ve
çimlenme gücü açısından genel olarak birbirine yakın oranlar belirlenirken en
düşük oranlar 1 ve 2 nolu genotiplerde belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında,
artan sulama suyu tuzluluk seviyesine bağlı olarak incelenen tüm parametrelerde
etkilenme belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Çimlenme, sakız fasulyesi, Cyamopsis tetraganoloba, sulama suyu tuzluluğu

Effects of Different Salinity Levels of Irrigation Water on Germination of Guar Gum (Cyamopsis tetraganoloba)

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different
irrigation water salinity levels [prepared as to have final Sodium Absorption
Ratio (SAR) of below 3 with different salt sources (NaCO₃, MgCl₂,
CaCl₂) and different electrical conductivity (ECi) values (0, 4, 8,
12, 16, 20, 30, 40 dS] on germination of different guar lines mainly used as
feed and food (125-1, 1-1, 40-1, 57-1, 62-4, 94, 98, 114 ), / m) under
laboratory conditions. According to the results of the variance analysis, it
was determined that the irrigation water salinity on the germination rate and
germination power of guar seeds were statistically significant (p <0.05). As
the salinity of the irrigation water increased, the germination rate and
germination efficiency decreased. When the germination rate is considered,
germination occurs at the recommended level (80%) by the World Seed Association
at the application level of 8 dS  m^-1. It has been determined that germination power is
affected from 12 dS m^-1 application.
In genotypes, the germination rate and germination power were generally close
to each other while the lowest rates were determined in genotypes 1 and 2.
Within the scope of the study, the influence of increasing salinity of the irrigation
water was determined for all parameters examined.

Keywords

Germination, guar, Cyamopsis tetraganoloba, irrigation water salinity

References

• Ashraf, M.Y., Akhtar, K., Sarwar, G., Ashraf, M. 2002. Evaluation of arid and semi-arid ecotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonolaba L.) for salinity (NaCI) tolerance. J. Arid Environ. 52: 473-482.
• Ashraf, M.Y., Akhtar, K., Sarwar, G., Ashraf, M. 2005. Role of the rooting system in salt tolerance potential of different guar accessions. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 25: 243-249.
• Ashraf, M., Foolad, M.R. 2007. Improving plant abiotic-stress resistance by exogenous application of osmoprotectants glycine betaine and proline. Environ. Exp. Bot., 59: 206-216.
• Atak, M., Kaya, M.D., Kaya, G., Kıllı, Y., Çiftçi, C.Y. 2006. Effects of NaCl on the Germination, Seedling Growth and Water Uptake of Triticale. Turk J. Agric. For. 30: 39-47.
• Coşkun, Y., Taş, İ., Yeter, T. 2016. Effects of different irrigation water salinity levels on germination of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Journal of International Scientific Publications. Agriculture & Food. 4: 1314-8591.
• Datta, J.K., Nag, S., Banarjee, A., Mondal, N.K. 1999. Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under laboratory conditions. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 13(3): 93-97.
• Demir, I., Mavi, K.M., Okçu, G. 2003. Effect of Salt Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth in Serially Harvested Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) Seeds During Development. 51: 125-131.
• Dhugga, K.S., Barreiro, R., Whitten, B., Stecca, K., Hazebroek, J., Randhawa, G.S., Dolan, M., Kinney, A.J., Tomes, D., Nichols, S., Anderson, P. 2004. Guar seed beta-mannan synthase is a member of the cellulose synthase super gen family. Science. 2004 Jan 16; 303(5656): 363-6.
• Douglas, C.A., Routely, R. 2004. Guar in the New Crop Industries - Handbook. Salvin, S., Bourke, M., Byrne, T. (Eds.), Rural Industries Research and Development. 04: 125.
• Flowers, T.J., Yeo, A.R. 1981. Variability in the resistance of sodium chloride salinity within rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. New Phytol. 88: 363-37.
• Francois, L.E., Donovan, T.J., Maas, E.V. 1990. Salinity effects on emergence, vegetative growth, and seed yield of guar. Agron. J. 82: 587-592.
• Garg, B.K., Kathju, S., Vyas, S.P., Lahiri, A.N. 1997. Alleviation of sodium chloride induced inhibition of growth and nitrogen metabolism of clusterbean by calcium. Biologia Plantarum 39: 395-401.
• Igino, T., Weixin, L., Ellen, B.P. 2009. Salinity effects on seed germination and plant growth of guar. Crop science 49: 637-642.
• Inal, A., Gunes, A., Aktas, M. 1995. Effects of chloride and partial substitution of reduced forms of nitrogen for nitrate in nutrient solution of the nitrate, total nitrogen and chlorine contents of onion. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 18: 2219-2227.
• ISTA, 2009. International Rules for Seed Testing. The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Zurichstr 50, CH-8303, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
• Kalefetoğlu, T., Ekmekçi, Y. 2005. The effect of drought on plant and tolerance mechanisms. Gazi University Journal of Science 18(4): 723-740 (2005).
• Kanber, R., Ünlü, M. 2010. Tarımda Su ve Toprak Tuzluluğu. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 281. Adana.
• Kusvuran, A. 2015. The effects of salt stress on the germination and antioxidative enzyme activity of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) varieties. Agricultural Research Communication Centre. 38(1): 51-59.
• Lahiri, A.N., Garg, B.K., Vyas, S.P., Kathju, S., Mali, P.C. 1996. Genotypic differences to soil salinity in clusterbean. Arid Soil Res. Rehab. 10: 333-345.
• Leopold, A.C., Willing, R.P. 1984. Evidence of Toxicity Effects of Salt on Membranes. In: Salinity Tolerance in Plants, (eds. R.C. Staples and G.H. Toenniessen).
• Lewitt, J. 1980, Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Vol.II, (2nd ed.) Academic Press, New York Mamoodzadeh, H., Khorasani, F.M., Besharat, H. 2013, Impact Salt Stress on Seed Germination Indices of Five Wheat Cultivars. Annals of Biological Research, 4(6): 93-96.
• Mansour, M.M.F. 1994. Changes in growth, osmotic potential and cell permeability of wheat cultivars under salt stress. Biol. Plant., 36: 429-434.
• Poats, J.J. 1961. Guar A Summer Row Crop For Southwest. Ecobn. Bot., 14(1961), p. 241.
• Pujol, A.J., Ramiraz-Diaz, L. 2000. Recovery germination from different osmotic conditions by four halophytes from southeastern Spain. Annals Botany, 85: 279-286.
• Rubio-Casal, A.E., Castillo, J.M., Luque C.J., Figueroa, M.E. 2003. Influence of salinity on germination and seeds viability of two primary colonizers of Mediterranean salt pans. Journal of Arid Environment, 53: 145-154.
• Siegel, S.M., Siegel, B.Z., Massey, J., Lahne, P., Chen, J. 1980. Growth of Corn in Saline Water. Physiol Plant, 50: 71-73.
• Tobe, K., Zhang, L., Qui, G.Y., Schimizu, H., Omasa, K. 2001. Characteristics of seed germination infive non halophytic Chinese desert shrup species. Journal Arin Environment, 47: 191-201.
• Van Hoorn, J.W., Katerji, N., Hamdy, A., Mastrorilli, M. 2001. Effect of salinity on yield and nitrogen uptake of four grain legumes and on biological nitrogen contribution from the soil. Agric. Water Manag, 51: 87-98.
• Vinisky, I., Ray, D.T., 1985. Effects of Various Salts and Temperatures on Germination in Guar. Forage and Grain: A College of Agriculture Report. 370064; P-64.
• Wang, W.B., Kim, Y.H., Lee, H.S., Kim, K.Y., Deng, X.P., Kwak, S.S. 2009. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stresses. Plant Physiology and Bioch. 47(7): 570-577.
• Yang, C., Zhoa, L., Zhang, H., Yang, Z., Wang, H., Wen, S., Zhang, C., Rustgi, S., Von Wettstein, D., Liu, B. 2014. Evolution of physiological responses to salt stress in hexaploid wheat. PNAS (August 12), 111(32): 11882-11887.