Effect of Drought Stress Condition on Different Plant Growth Stages on Some Physiological Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticun aestivum L.) Genotypes

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 375 - 385, 18.10.2018

İrfan Öztürk Kayıhan Z. Korkut

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471122

Cited By: 3

Öz

Drought is the mainly abiotic
stress factor in wheat affecting yield and quality. In this research it was
investigated yield and some physiological traits under various drought stress
condition and the relationships between physiological characters in some bread
wheat genotypes. This research was carried out in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 cycle
during 2 growing seasons with totally 15 bread wheat genotypes in split block
design with 3 replicated. Drought applications were main plot and genotypes
were sub-plot. In this research, yield and some physiological traits such as
canopy temperature and chlorophyll content were investigated at various three
plant growth stages. Also, days of heading and maturating, grain filling
period, glaucousity and among these traits were investigated. Combined analysis
of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes and treatments.
The lowest canopy temperature was measured from Kate A-1 and the highest
temperature from Golia. Canopy temperature negatively affected grain yield and
correlation coefficient between yield and canopy temperature was at booting (r=
-0.779), heading stage (r= -0.793) and grain filling stage (r=-0.924*) under
non-stress conditions. Highest canopy temperature was determined at heading and
grain filling stage under fully drought treatment. Drought stress negatively
affected and reduced leaf chlorophyll content at three development stages. The
highest leaf chlorophyll content was determined under non-stress treatment. The
highest chlorophyll content was measured in ÖVD2/27-07 at heading stage and in
EBVD24-07 at grain filling stage. Determined correlation coefficient between
grain yield and chlorophyll content were at booting r= 0.499, heading stage r=
0.498, and grain filling stage r=0.954*. The results of the study showed that
canopy temperature and chlorophyll content could be used as selection
physiological parameters for yield under various drought stress conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bread wheat, drought stress, genotype, canopy temperature, chlorophyll.

Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinde Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinde Oluşan Kuraklığın Bazı Fizyolojik Karakterlere Etkisi

Öz

Ekmeklik
buğdayda kuraklık verim ve kaliteyi doğrudan etkileyen önemli bir abiyotik
stres faktörüdür.  Araştırmada bazı
ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin farklı kuraklık seviyelerinde verim ve bazı
fizyolojik karakterler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bölünmüş parseller
deneme desenine göre 2008-2009 ve 2009-2010 yıllarında yürütülen ve 15
genotipin materyal olarak kullanıldığı deneme 3 tekrarlamalı olarak
kurulmuştur. Denemede ana parsellerde kuraklık uygulamaları, alt parsellerde
genotipler yer almıştır. Araştırmada; tane verimi ile üç farklı gelişme
döneminde bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı ve bayrak yaprakta klorofil miktarı
ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca başaklanma ve olgunlaşma gün sayıları, tane dolum süresi ve
mumsuluk oranları ile bu karakterler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir.
Araştırmada genotipler ve uygulamalar arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit
edilmiştir. En düşük bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı Kate A-1 de görülürken en yüksek
sıcaklık Golia çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. En düşük sıcaklık değerleri gebeleşme
(17.21 ^oC ), başaklanma (19.96 ^oC ) ve tane dolum
dönemlerinde (20.11 ^oC ) kuraklık uygulanmayan parsellerde
ölçülmüştür. En yüksek sıcaklıklar ise başaklanma ve tane dolum dönemlerinde
tam kuraklık uygulamalarında belirlenmiştir. Kanopi sıcaklığının tane verimini
olumsuz yönde etkilemiş olup kanopi sıcaklığı ile tane verimi arasında
korelasyon katsayıları başaklanma öncesi r= -0.779, başaklanma dönemi r= -0.793
ve tane dolum dönemi r= -0.924* olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi klorofil
miktarını üç bitki gelişme döneminde de düşürmüş olup en yüksek klorofil miktarı
kuraklık stresi uygulanmayan parselde belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerde başaklanma
döneminde en yüksek klorofil miktarı ÖVD2/27-07 ve tane dolum döneminde
EBVD24-07 hatlarında ölçülmüştür. Tane verimi ile bayrak yaprak klorofil
içeriği arasında ilişki başaklanma öncesi r= 0.499, başaklanma dönemi r= 0.498
ve tane dolum dönemi r=0.954* olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucu kanopi
sıcaklığı ve klorofil kapsamının farklı kuraklık stresi altında verim için
seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekmeklik buğday, kuraklık stresi, genotip, klorofil, kanopi sıcaklığı.

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