Kendilenmiş Mısır Hatlarının Kuraklık Stresine Tolerans Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 178 - 189, 22.04.2019

Şekip Erdal

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.556598

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kuraklık stresine toleranslı hibrit çeşitleri
geliştirmek için kendilenmiş mısır hatlarını kuraklığa tolerans açısından
taramaktır. Çalışmada at dişi ve sert tane tipine sahip 20 adet mısır hattı
2012 ve 2013 yıllarında normal (sulu) ve kuraklık stresi denemelerinde
değerlendirilmiştir. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3
tekerrürlü olarak ekilmiştir.  Normal
denemede mevcut nem tarla kapasitesinde tutulurken, kuraklık stresi denemesinde
bitkiler V10-12 gelişme döneminden (takriben çiçeklenme tarihinden 2-3 hafta
önce) itibaren strese maruz bırakılmıştır. Denemelerde kuraklık stresi
çalışmalarında en çok öne çıkan seleksiyon kriterleri olan erkek ve dişi çiçek
arasındaki gün farkı (EDF), bitki başına koçan sayısı (BBKS), koçanda tane
sayısı (KTS), yaprak kuruma düzeyi ve tane verimi özellikleri incelenmiş ve
stres indeksleri ile hatlar kuraklığa toleranslılık bakımından karakterize
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Ant İ-69 (229.4 kg/da), TK 72 (220.5 kg/da),
Ant-24702 (196.4 kg/da), Ant İ-39 (174.6 kg/da) ve Ant İ-09 (146.8 kg/da)
hatları tane verimi bakımından kuraklık stresine en toleranslı hatlar olurken,
Ant 910255 (27.6 kg/da), Ant İ-46 (28.2 kg/da), Ant İ-82 (29.0 kg/da) ve Ant
İ-08 (45 kg/da) en hassas hatlar olarak tespit edilmişlerdir. Ant İ-69, TK 72,
Ant-24702, Ant İ-39 ve Ant İ-09 hatları aynı zamanda EDF, BBKS, KTS ve yaprak
kuruma düzeyi ve stres tolerans indeksleri bakımındanda en çok öne çıkan hatlar
olmuşlardır. Araştırma sonucunda kullanılan mısır genetik materyalinin
kuraklığa tolerans ıslahı için değerlendirilebileceği öngörülmüş ve seçilen
mısır hatları gelecek dönem çalışmaları için önerilmiştir.

Keywords

Mısır, kendilenmiş hat, kuraklık stresi, verim

Determination of Drought Tolerance Levels of Maize Inbred Lines

Abstract

The objective of the study was to test maize inbred
lines for drought tolerance. In the study twenty dent and flint temperate maize
inbred lines were evaluated in well-watered and drought stress conditions in
2012 and 2013. Experiments conducted according to Randomized Complete Block
Design with three replications. Drought stress was achived at the flowering by
withdrawn water approximately 2-3 weeks before flowering. Anthesis-silking
interval (ASI), number of ears per plant (EPP), number of kernels per ear
(KPE), senescence and yield traits which are used as the most important
selection criterions were evaluated. Also stress indices were used for line
identification to drought. The result of the study showed  that, Ant I-69 (229.4 kg/da), TK 72 (220.5
kg/da), Ant-24702 (196.4 kg/da), Ant I-39 (174.6 kg/da) and Ant I-09 (146.8
kg/da) were determined as the most tolerant lines to drought, while Ant 910255
(27.6 kg/da), Ant I-46 (28.2 kg/da), Ant I-82 (29.0 kg/da) and Ant I-08 ( 45
kg/da) inbreds were identified as the sensitive lines in terms of yield.
Tolerant promising lines Ant I- 69, TK 72, Ant-24702 , Ant I-39 and Ant I-09
were also had good performance in terms of secondary traits such as  ASI, number of ears per plant, number of
kernel per ear, senescence, yield reduction ratio, drought resistance index and
stress tolerance index.In conclusion, it was envisaged that tested maize
germplasm can be assessed for breeding drought tolerance and selected maize
inbred lines were proposed for future studies.

Keywords

Maize, inbred line, drought tolerance, yield

References

• Akgöl, B. 2012. Pamukta (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Verim, Kalite ve Kuraklığa Dayanıklılık Özelliklerinin Kalıtımı. Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Adana.
• Araus, J.L., Serret, M.D., Edmeades, G.O. 2012. Phenotyping Maize for Adaptation to Drought. Frontiers Physiology, 3: 305.
• Aydınşakir, K. Erdal, Ş. Büyüktaş, D., Baştuğ, R., Toker, R. 2013. The influence of regular deficit irrigation applications on water use, yield, and quality components of two corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Agricultural Water Management, 128: 65-71.
• Banziger, M., Edmeades, G.O., Beck, D., Bellon, M. 2000. Breeding for Drought and Nitrogen Stress Tolerance in Maize, From Theory to Practice. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
• Bao-cheng, S., Cheng L., Yun-su, S., Yan-chun, S., Tian-yu, W., Yu, L. 2010. Relationships Between Ear Number Per Plant and Drought Tolerance in Maize Hybrids. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2007-05.
• Bolanos, J., Edmeades, G.O. 1993. Eight cycle of selection for drought tolerance in lowland tropical maize 2nd responses in reproductive behavior. Field Crops Research, 31: 269-289.
• Bolanos, J., Edmeades G.O., 1996. The Importance of the Anthesissilking Interval in Breeding for Drought Tolerance in Tropical Maize. Field Crops Research 48: 65-80.
• Bruce, W.B., Edmeades, G.O., Barker, T.C., 2002. Molecular and Physiological Approaches to Maize Improvement for Drought Tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 53, 13-25.
• Byrne, P.F., Bolanos, J., Edmeades, G.O., Eaton, D.L., 1995. Gains from Selection under drought versus multilocation testing in related tropical maize populations. Crop Science, 35: 63-69.
• Classen, M.M., Shaw, R.H. 1970. Water deficit effects on corn 2nd grain components. Agronomy Journal, 62: 652-655.
• Chocran, W.G., Cox, G.M. 1957. Experimental Designs. 2nd Edn. John Wiley, New York, London and Sydney.
• Das, B., Cairns, J.E., Atlin, G. 2013. Abiotic Stress Breeding: Currend Trends at CIMMYT. Korkut, K.Z., Eser, V., Başer, İ. (Ed). Melez Mısırla Yüzyıl Çalıştayı (199-205), Ankara.
• Denmead, O.T., Shaw, R.H. 1960. The effects of soil moisture stress at different stages of growth on the development and yield of corn. Agronomy Journal, 52: 272-274.
• Edmeades, G.O. 2013. Progress in Achieving and Delivering Drought Tolerance in Maize - An Update, ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.
• Edmeades, G.O., Banziger, M., Cortes, C.M., Ortega C.A. 1997. From Stress-tolerant Populations to Hybrids: The Role of Source Germplasm. pp. 263-273. In G.O. Edmeades et al. (ed.) Drought- Ribaut, J.-M., C. Jiang, D. Gonza´lez-de-Leo´ n, G.O. Edmeades, and and Low N-tolerant maize. Proceedings of a Symposium, El Batan.
• Edmeades, G.O., Bolaños, J., Elings, A., Ribaut, J.M., Bänziger, M., Westgate, M.E. 2000. The Role and Regulation of the Anthesis-Silking İnterval in Maize. p. 43-73. In: M.E. Westgate and K.J. Boote (eds.). Physiology and Modeling Kernel Set in Maize. CSSA Special Publication No. 29. CSSA, Madison, WI.
• Edmeades, G.O., Bolaños, J., Hernandez, M., Bello, S. 1993. Causes for silk delay in a lowland tropical maize population. Crop Science, 33: 1029-1035.
• Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables And Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress, Aug. 13-16, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp. 257-270.
• Gama, E.E.G., Hallauer, A.R. 1977. Relation between inbred and hybrid traits in maize. Crop Science, 17: 703-706.
• Golestani, S.A., Assad, M.T. 1998. Evaluation of four screening techniques for drought resistance and their relationship to yield reduction ratio in wheat. Euphytica, 103: 293-299.
• Grant, R.F., Jakson, B.S., Kiniry, J.R., Arkin, J.F. 1989. Water deficit timing effects on yield components in maize. Agronomy Journal, 81: 61-65.
• Hao, Z.F., Li, X.H., Su, Z.J., Xie, C.X., Li, M.S., Liang, X.L., Weng, J.F., Zhang, D.G., Li L., Zhang, S.H. 2011. A proposed selection criterion for drought resistance across multiple environments in maize. Breeding Science. 61: 101-108.
• Hayes, H.K., Johnson, I.J. 1939. The Breeding of improved selfed lines of corn. J.Am.Soc.Agron., 31: 710-724.
• Jafari, A., Paknejad, F., Jami AL-Ahmadi, M. 2009. Evaluation of Selection indices for drought tolerance of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. International Journal of Plant Production 3(4): 33-38.
• Jenkins, M.T., 1929. Correlation studies with inbred and crossbred strains of maize. J.Agric. Res., 39: 677-721.
• Johnson, I.J and Hayes, H.K., 1936. The Combining Ability Of Inbred Lines Of Golden Bantam Sweet Corn. J.Am.Soc.Agron. 28: 246-252.
• Jorgensen, L., Brewbaker, H.E. 1927. A Comparison of selfed lines of corn and first generation crosses between them. J.Am.Soc.Agron., 19: 819-830.
• Karam, F., Breidy, J., Stephan, C., Rouphael, J. 2003. Evapotranspiration, Yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated corn in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. Agricultural Water Management, 63: 125-137.
• Khodarahmpour, Z., Hamidi, J. 2014. Study of yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to drought stress. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(13): 3099-3105. Kırtok, Y. 1998. Mısır Üretimi ve Kullanımı. Kocaoluk Basım ve Yayınevi, Istanbul.
• Kuchanur, H.P. 2010. Identification of Drought Tolerant Germplasm in Maize (Zea mays L.). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture, Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Ph.D thesis, Dharwad.
• Lan, J. 1998. Comparison of evaluating methods for agronomic drought resistance in crops. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 7: 85-87.
• Nilsson-Leissner, G. 1927. Relations of selfed strains of corn to F1 crosses between them. J.Am.Soc. Agron., 19: 440-451.
• Öztürk, K. 2002. Küresel iklim değişikliği ve Türkiye’ye olası etkileri. G.Ü. Gazi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1): 47-65.
• Pandey, R.K., Maranville, J. W., Admou, A. 2000. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelion environment 1. Grain Yield and Yield Components. Agricultural Water Management, 46: 1-13.
• Peterson, R.G. 1994. Agricultural Field Experiments Design and Analysis. Marcel Dekker. Inc. 409 p.Corvallis. Oregon.USA.
• Ribaut, J.M., Gonza´lez-de-Leon, D., Jiang, C., Edmeades, G.O., Hoisington, D.A. 1997a. Identification and Transfer of ASI Quantative Trait Loci (QTL): A Strategy to Improve Drought Tolerance in Maize Lines and Populations. In Edmeades, G.O., Banziger, M., Mickelson, H.R., Pena-Valdiva, C.B. (eds). Developing Drought and Low N-Tolerant Maize. Proceedings of a Symposium, March, 25-29, CIMMYT, El Batan, Mexico.
• Ribaut, J.M., Jiang, C., Gonza´lez-de-Leon, D., Edmeades, G.O., Hoisington, D.A. 1997b. identification of quantitative trait loci under drought conditions in tropical maize: I. yield components and marker-assisted selection strategies. Theor. Appl. Genet., 94: 887-896.
• Schussler, J.R., Westgate, M.E. 1991. Kernel set of maize at low water potential: 2nd Sensitivity to reduced assimilate supply at pollination. Crop Sci., 31: 1196-1203. Türkeş, M., 1998. Influence of geopotential heights, cyclone frequency and southern oscillation on rainfall variations in Turkey. International Journal of Climatology, 18: 649-680. UPOV, 2009. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. www.upov.int.
• Vasal, S.K., Sirinivasan, G., Cordova, H., Pandey, S., Jeffers, D., Bergvinson, D., Beck, D. 1999. Inbred line evolution nurseries and their role in maize breeding at CIMMYT. Maydica, 44: 341-351.
• Viswanatha, G.B., Ramachandrappa, B.K., Nanjappa, H.V. 2002. Soil-plant water status and yield of sweet corn as influenced by drip irrigation and planting methods. Agricultural Water Management, 55: 85-91.
• Ziyomo, C., Bernardo, R. 2012. Drought Tolerance in maize: Indirect selection through secondary traits versus genome wide selection. Crop Science, 53: 1269-1275.