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Kadmiyum (Cd) Uygulamasının Tane Sorgumda (Sorghum bicolor L.) Bazı Morfolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 447 - 456, 23.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.595347

Abstract

Çevreye,
insanlara, hayvanlara ve bitkilere en fazla zararı olan ağır metallerden birisi
kadmiyum (Cd)’dur. Cd’nin bitkilerde meydana getirdiği fizyolojik, morfolojik
ve biyokimyasal hasarları belirlemek için yapılan çalışmalar son zamanlarda
artış göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada Cd’nin tane sorguma farklı dozlarda
uygulanmasıyla bitkinin morfolojik özelliklerinde meydana gelen etkilerin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada; Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma
Enstitüsü’nden temin edilen üç farklı tane sorgum çeşidi (Akdarı, Beydarı ve
Öğretmenoğlu) bitkisel materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan kadmiyum (Cd)
dozları (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 ppm) şeklindedir. Çalışma, 2017 yılında
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma Seralarında 3
tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. İncelenen özellikler; bitki boyu, bitki
gövde çapı, bin tane ağırlığı, salkım uzunluğu, gövde oranı, yaprak oranı ve
salkım oranı olmuştur. Değerlendirme sonucunda Cd dozlarının artmasıyla
birlikte, bitki boyunun, bitki gövde çapının, bin tane ağırlığının, salkım
uzunluğunun ve salkım oranının düzenli bir şekilde azaldığı gözlemlenirken,
gövde oranının ise Cd (kadmiyum) dozlarının artmasına paralel olarak arttığı
belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda insanlar ve bitkiler için son derece toksik
olduğu bilinen Cd elementinin
çalışmada kullanılan tane
sorgum çeşitlerinin (Akdarı, Beydarı ve Öğretmenoğlu) kadmiyum dozlarından 25
ppm ve üzerindeki seviyelerde olumsuz etkilendiği görülmüştür.  Toprak pH’ sının da göz önünde
bulundurulduğunda hafif alkali topraklar için 25 ppm ve daha yüksek dozlarda
sorgum bitkisinin morfolojik yönden olumsuz etkilendiği ve verim amaçlı
yetiştiricilik için uygun olmadığı düşünülmektedir

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Bingöl Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi BAP-ZF.2017.00.008 No’lu Projesi ile desteklenmiş ve Hava Şeyma YILMAZ’ın doktora tezinden hazırlanmıştır.

References

  • Alloway BJ, Steinnes E 1999. Anthropogenic Additions of Cadmium to Soils. In: McLaughlin MJ, Singh BR (eds), Cadmium in Soils and Plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  • Anonymous, 1995. Sorghum and Millets in Human Nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Series, No:27, Rome, Italy. www.fao.org/inpho/vlibrary/t0818e/t0818e00.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2019).
  • Barceló, J., Poschenrieder, C. 1990. Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: A review. J. Plant Nutr. 13: 1-37.
  • Benavıdes, M.P., Gallego, S.M., Tomaro, M.L. 2005. Cadmium toxicity in plants, Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 17(1): 21-34.
  • Cherney, D.J.R., Mertens, D.R., Moore, J.E. 1990. Intake and digestibility by wethers as influenced by forage morphology at three levels of forage offering. Journal of Animal Science, 68(1): 4387-4399.
  • Dowling, L.F., Arndt, C., Hamaker, B.R. 2002. Economic Viability of High Digestibility Sorgum as Feed for Market Broilers. Agronomy Journal, 94: 1050-1058.
  • Ellis, R.H., Alloway, B.J. 1983. Factors affecting availability of Cd, Pb and Ni in soils amended with sewage sludge, in Heavy Metals in the Environment, Vol. 1, CEP Consult., Edinburgh, 1: 358, 1983.
  • Gualtire, M., Rapaccini, S. 1990. Sorghum Grain Poultry Feeding. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 46: 246-254.
  • Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö., Çobanoğlu, D. 2004. Ağır metal iyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. bitkisi polenlerinin çimlenmesi ve tüp büyümesi üzerine etkileri. F.Ü. Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2): 177-182.
  • Itoh, S., Yumura, Y. 1979. Studies On the Contamination of Vegetable Crops by Excessive Absorption Of Heavy Metals. Bull. Veg. Ornamental Crops Res. Stn., 6a, 123, 1979 (Ja).
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 4th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A., Gondek, B. 1978. Bioavailability of Heavy Metals In The Vicinity of A Copper Smelter, in Trace Subst. Environ. Health, Vol. 12, Hemphill, D. D., ed., University of Missouri, Columbia MO, 523, 1978.
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal G., Güven A., Timur S. 2007. Metallerin Çevresel Etkileri –I. (erişim adresi: https://metalurji.org.tr (Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2019).
  • Kara, R. 2016. Evaluation of flag leaf physiological traits of triticale genotypes under eastern Mediterranean conditions. Turk J. Field Crops, 21(1): 67-78.
  • Kennedy, C.D., Gonsalves, F.A.N. 1987. The action of divalent zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper and lead on the trans-root potential and efflux of excised roots. J.Exp. Bot., 38: 800-817.
  • Khan, N.A., Ahmad, I., Singh, S., Nazar, R. 2006. Variation in growth, photosynthesis and yield of five wheat cultuvars exposed to Cd stress. Word J. of Agricultural Sci., 2(2): 223-226. ISSN 1817-3047.
  • Kriegshauser, T.D., Tuinstra, M.R., Hancock, J.D. 2006. Variation in nutritional value of sorghum hybrids with contrasting seed weight characteristics and comparison with maize in broiler chicks. Crop Science, 46: 695-699.
  • Lombardi, L., Sebastiani, L. 2005. Copper toxicity in Prunus cerasifera: Growth and antioxidant enzymes responses of in vitro grown plants. Plant Sci., 168: 797-802.
  • Long, X.X., Yang, X.E., Ni, W.Z. 2002. Current Status and perspective on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13: 757-762.
  • Öktüren, Asri, F., Sönmez, S. 2006. Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Toprak Bölümü, 10s, Antalya.
  • Prasad, M.N.V. 2005. Cadmium toxicity and tolerance in vascular plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 35:525-545.
  • SAS, 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Skórzynska-Pilot, E., Baszynski, T. 1997. Differences in sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to their age. Plant Sci., 128: 11.
  • Stresty, T.V.S., Madhava Rao, K.V. 1999. Ultrastructural alterations in response to zinc and nickel stress in the root cell of pigeonpea, Environ Exp Bot., 41: 3-13.
  • Umínska, R. 1988. Assessment of Hazardous Levels of Trace Elements to Health in Contaminated Soils of Poland, Inst. Medycyny Wsi, Warszawa, 188, 1988 (Po).
  • Wang, X., Chen, C., Wang, J. 2017. Cadmium phytoextraction from loam soil in tropical southern China by Sorghum bicolor. Internatıonal Journal of Phytoremedıatıon, 19(6): 572-578.
  • Wierzbicka M.H., Przedpelska E., Ruzik R. 2007. Comparison of the toxicity and distribution of cadmium and lead in plant cells. Protoplasma, 231: 99-111.
  • Zhang, G, Fukami, M., Sekimoto, H. 2002. Difference between Two Wheat Cultivars in Cd and Mineral Nutrient Uptake under Different Cd Levels. Pub Med, PMD:12222053 [PubMed-indexed for MEDLINE].2002 Apr, 13(4): 454-8.

Determination of the Effect of Cadmium (Cd) Application on Some Morphological Properties of (Sorghum bicolor L.) Grain Sorghum

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 447 - 456, 23.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.595347

Abstract

Cadmium is one of the most
harmful heavy metals to the environment, human, animals and plants. Recently,
studies to determine the physiological, morphological and biochemical damages
of cadmium in plants have increased.
In this study, it is aimed to determine the
effects of the cadmium on the morphological characteristics of the plant by
applying different doses to the grain sorghum. In this research; three
different varieties (
Akdari, Beydari and Öğretmenoglu) of
sorghum from Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute were used. The dose
of cadmium applied is
25, 50, 75, 100 and 125
ppm.
Experiments
were carried out at research greenhouses of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
in 2017 with 3 replications. Features examined;
plant heights, diameters,
cluster lengths, grain weight, leaf-cluster-stem ratios.
Current findings revealed
that increasing cadmium doses decreased plant height, diameter, cluster length,
grain weight and cluster ratios. In addition, it was observed that the leaf
rate was not affected by the dose increase on the average. As a result of the
study, it was observed that Cd, which is known to be highly toxic for humans
and plants, The grain sorghum varieties used
in
this research
(Akdarı,
Beydarı and Öğretmenoğlu) were found to be negatively affected by cadmium doses
at levels of 25 ppm and above. When the soil pH is considered, it is considered
that sorghum plant at 25 ppm and higher doses are negatively affected
morphologically and it is not suitable for yield purposes for light alkaline
soils.

References

  • Alloway BJ, Steinnes E 1999. Anthropogenic Additions of Cadmium to Soils. In: McLaughlin MJ, Singh BR (eds), Cadmium in Soils and Plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  • Anonymous, 1995. Sorghum and Millets in Human Nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Series, No:27, Rome, Italy. www.fao.org/inpho/vlibrary/t0818e/t0818e00.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2019).
  • Barceló, J., Poschenrieder, C. 1990. Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: A review. J. Plant Nutr. 13: 1-37.
  • Benavıdes, M.P., Gallego, S.M., Tomaro, M.L. 2005. Cadmium toxicity in plants, Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 17(1): 21-34.
  • Cherney, D.J.R., Mertens, D.R., Moore, J.E. 1990. Intake and digestibility by wethers as influenced by forage morphology at three levels of forage offering. Journal of Animal Science, 68(1): 4387-4399.
  • Dowling, L.F., Arndt, C., Hamaker, B.R. 2002. Economic Viability of High Digestibility Sorgum as Feed for Market Broilers. Agronomy Journal, 94: 1050-1058.
  • Ellis, R.H., Alloway, B.J. 1983. Factors affecting availability of Cd, Pb and Ni in soils amended with sewage sludge, in Heavy Metals in the Environment, Vol. 1, CEP Consult., Edinburgh, 1: 358, 1983.
  • Gualtire, M., Rapaccini, S. 1990. Sorghum Grain Poultry Feeding. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 46: 246-254.
  • Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö., Çobanoğlu, D. 2004. Ağır metal iyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. bitkisi polenlerinin çimlenmesi ve tüp büyümesi üzerine etkileri. F.Ü. Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2): 177-182.
  • Itoh, S., Yumura, Y. 1979. Studies On the Contamination of Vegetable Crops by Excessive Absorption Of Heavy Metals. Bull. Veg. Ornamental Crops Res. Stn., 6a, 123, 1979 (Ja).
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 4th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A., Gondek, B. 1978. Bioavailability of Heavy Metals In The Vicinity of A Copper Smelter, in Trace Subst. Environ. Health, Vol. 12, Hemphill, D. D., ed., University of Missouri, Columbia MO, 523, 1978.
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal G., Güven A., Timur S. 2007. Metallerin Çevresel Etkileri –I. (erişim adresi: https://metalurji.org.tr (Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2019).
  • Kara, R. 2016. Evaluation of flag leaf physiological traits of triticale genotypes under eastern Mediterranean conditions. Turk J. Field Crops, 21(1): 67-78.
  • Kennedy, C.D., Gonsalves, F.A.N. 1987. The action of divalent zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper and lead on the trans-root potential and efflux of excised roots. J.Exp. Bot., 38: 800-817.
  • Khan, N.A., Ahmad, I., Singh, S., Nazar, R. 2006. Variation in growth, photosynthesis and yield of five wheat cultuvars exposed to Cd stress. Word J. of Agricultural Sci., 2(2): 223-226. ISSN 1817-3047.
  • Kriegshauser, T.D., Tuinstra, M.R., Hancock, J.D. 2006. Variation in nutritional value of sorghum hybrids with contrasting seed weight characteristics and comparison with maize in broiler chicks. Crop Science, 46: 695-699.
  • Lombardi, L., Sebastiani, L. 2005. Copper toxicity in Prunus cerasifera: Growth and antioxidant enzymes responses of in vitro grown plants. Plant Sci., 168: 797-802.
  • Long, X.X., Yang, X.E., Ni, W.Z. 2002. Current Status and perspective on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13: 757-762.
  • Öktüren, Asri, F., Sönmez, S. 2006. Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Toprak Bölümü, 10s, Antalya.
  • Prasad, M.N.V. 2005. Cadmium toxicity and tolerance in vascular plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 35:525-545.
  • SAS, 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Skórzynska-Pilot, E., Baszynski, T. 1997. Differences in sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to their age. Plant Sci., 128: 11.
  • Stresty, T.V.S., Madhava Rao, K.V. 1999. Ultrastructural alterations in response to zinc and nickel stress in the root cell of pigeonpea, Environ Exp Bot., 41: 3-13.
  • Umínska, R. 1988. Assessment of Hazardous Levels of Trace Elements to Health in Contaminated Soils of Poland, Inst. Medycyny Wsi, Warszawa, 188, 1988 (Po).
  • Wang, X., Chen, C., Wang, J. 2017. Cadmium phytoextraction from loam soil in tropical southern China by Sorghum bicolor. Internatıonal Journal of Phytoremedıatıon, 19(6): 572-578.
  • Wierzbicka M.H., Przedpelska E., Ruzik R. 2007. Comparison of the toxicity and distribution of cadmium and lead in plant cells. Protoplasma, 231: 99-111.
  • Zhang, G, Fukami, M., Sekimoto, H. 2002. Difference between Two Wheat Cultivars in Cd and Mineral Nutrient Uptake under Different Cd Levels. Pub Med, PMD:12222053 [PubMed-indexed for MEDLINE].2002 Apr, 13(4): 454-8.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hava Şeyma Yılmaz

Kağan Kökten This is me

Publication Date July 23, 2019
Submission Date May 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yılmaz, H. Ş., & Kökten, K. (2019). Kadmiyum (Cd) Uygulamasının Tane Sorgumda (Sorghum bicolor L.) Bazı Morfolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 6(3), 447-456. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.595347