Use of Farmatan as an Additive to Make Alfalfa Silage

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 579 - 587, 23.07.2019

Ahmet Yusuf Şengül , Rahim Aydın

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.595395

Cited By: 2

Öz

In this study, we investigated
the effects of tannin extract of chestnut (Farmatan) obtained from sweet chestnut on
alfalfa silage. Alfalfa harvested at the flowering stage was chopped to 1-2 cm in size and laid on a
flat surface. Farmatan at the levels of 0 (control group), 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%
was uniformly spread by hand on the silage material. After thoroughly mixing
the silage material, it was placed in 1.5-2.0-kg airtight plastic bins and
stored for two months. Farmatan
had significant effects on the composition of silage including dry matter
(DM), crude ash, ammonia, and pH. Addition of 4.5% Farmatan reduced the ammonia content by 70.11% compared with control. Addition of 3.0% Farmatan
also reduced pH by 23.8% compared with control group. The DM contents
of treatment groups were changed between 18.70 and 26.57%. The highest DM
content of alfalfa silage was obtained with addition of 4.5% Farmatan,
whereas the lowest was found in control group. The effects of Farmatan on gas
production kinetics, metabolizable energy,
and organic matter digestibility were statistically
significant. Addition of Farmatan at the rate of 4.5% to fresh
alfalfa material can be recommended to improve the silage quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alfalfa silage, farmatan, ammonia, organic acid

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Research Fund for supporting this research (BAP-Project number 2010/2-23 YLS). The authors would also like to thank Professor Adem Kamalak for his grateful contribution.

Farmatan Silaj Katkı Maddesinin Yonca Silajı Yapımında Kullanımı

Öz

Bu
çalışmada, tatlı kestane ekstraktından elde edilen silaj katkı maddesinin
(Farmatan) yonca silajına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çiçeklenme döneminde hasat
edilen yonca 1-2 cm boyutunda doğranıp düz bir zemin üzerine serildikten sonra
Farmatan silaj katkı maddesi %0 (kontrol), %1.5, %3.0 ve %4.5 oranlarında silaj
materyali üzerine elle yayılmıştır. Daha sonra silaj materyali homojen bir
şekilde karıştırıldıktan sonra 1.5-2.0 kg kapasiteli plastik silolara hava
kalmayacak şekilde doldurulmuş ve 2 ay süreyle bekletilmiştir. Farmatan,
silajların kompozisyonlarının kuru maddesi, ham kül, amonyak ve pH
parametreleri üzerine önemli derecede etki etmiştir. Kontrol grubuyla
karşılaştırıldığında, %4.5 oranında Farmatan ilavesi yonca silajının amonyak
içeriğini %70.11 oranında düşürmüştür. Kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında,
%3.0 oranında Farmatan ilavesi yonca silajının pH'sını %23.8 oranında
düşürmüştür. Muamelelerin KM içerikleri %18.70 - %26.57 arasında değişmiş olup
en yüksek kuru madde oranı % 4.5 oranında Farmatan katılan yonca silajında elde
edilmiştir. En düşük kuru madde içeriğine ise kontrol grubunda rastlanmıştır.
Katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan Farmatan'ın bir birim artması; silaj kuru madde
içeriğinde yaklaşık olarak 1.78 birimlik artışa neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak,
yonca silajı kalitesini iyileştirilmesi için taze yonca materyaline %4.5
oranında Farmatan katılması tavsiye edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yonca silajı, farmatan, amonyak, organik asit

Kaynakça

• Altinok, S., Genc, A., Erdogdu, I. 2005. Farkli ekim şekillerinde yetiştirilen mısır ve soyadan elde edilen silajlarda kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Turkey VI. Field Crops Congress, s. 1011-1016 Antalya 5-9 September.
• Anonymous, Alfalfa Silage. Oregeon State University, 1981. https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/24870/ECNO1054.pdf?sequence=1.
• AOAC, 1990. Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. pp.66-88. 15th. Edition. Washington, DC. USA.
• Canbolat, O., Kalkan, H., Filya, I. 2013. The use of honey locust pods as a silage additive for alfalfa forage. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 19: 291-297.
• Davies, D.R., Merry, R.J., Williams, A.P., Bakewell, E.L., Leemans, D.K., Tweed, J.K. 1998. Proteolysis during ensilage of forages varying in soluble sugar content. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 444-453.
• Djordjevic, N., Grubic, G., Glamocic, D. 2004. Effects of the use of acetic acid as the conservant in Lucerne Ensiling. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49: 59-64.
• Esmail, S.H., Muwalla, M.M. 1997. Effects of formic acid and enzyme treatments on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, and nutritive value of alfalfa silages fed to awassi lambs. Wirtschaftseigene Futter, 43: 223-233.
• Jatkauskas, J., Vrotniakiene, V., Lanckriet, A. 2015. The effect of different types of inoculants on the characteristics of alfalfa, ryegrass and red clover/ryegrass/timothy silage. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 102: 95-102.
• Kozelov, L.K., Lliev, F., Hiristov, A.N., Zaman, S., Mcallister, T.A. 2008. Effect of fibrolytic enzymes and an inoculant on in vitro degradability and gas production of low-dry matter alfalfa silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 2568-2575.
• Kurtoglu, V., Coskun, B. 2004. Effects of microbial inoculation on alfalfa silage quality. Hayvancilik Arastirma Dergisi, 14: 78-84.
• Lavrancic, A., Levard, A. 2006. Effect of tannins on grass silage composition. Krmiva, 48: 87-93.
• Manginelli, S., Magalhaes, V.J.D., Rodrigues, P.H.M. 2005. Microbial inoculation of alfalfa for silage on ruminal and total digestibility in bovines. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 34: 926-933.
• Marshall, S.A., Campbell, C.P., Buchanansmith, J.G. 1993. Proteolysis and rumen degradability of alfalfa silages preserved with a microbial inoculant, spent sulfite liquor, formic acid or formaldehyde. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 73: 559-570.
• McAllister, T.A., Feniuk, R., Mir, Z., Mir, P., Selinger, L.B., Cheng, K.J. 1998. Inoculants for alfalfa silage: effects on aerobic stability, digestibility, and the growth performance of feedlotsteers. Livestock Production Science, 53: 171-181.
• Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W. 1979. The estimation of digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liqueur in-vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science, 93: 217-222.
• Menke, K.H., Steingass, H. 1988. Estimation of energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in-vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.
• Nadeau, E.M.G., Buxton, D.R., Russell, J.R., Allison, M.J., Young, J.W. 2000. Enzyme, bacterial inoculant, and formic acid effects on silage composition of orchard grass and alfalfa. Journal of Dairy Science, 83: 1487-1502.
• Ohshima, M., Cao, L.M., Kimura, E., Oshima, Y., Yokota, H. 1997. Influence of addition of previously fermented juice to alfalfa ensiled at different moisture contents. Grassland Science, 43: 56-58.
• Orskov, E.R., Mcdonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurement weighed according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92: 499-503.
• Ostrowski, R. 1999. Ensiling fresh lucerne supplemented with lactic acid, sugar and mass containing lactic fermentation bacteria. Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki, 26: 199-207.
• Ozturk, D., Kizilsimsek, M., Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Ozkan, C.O. 2006. Effects of ensiling alfalfa with whole maize crop on the chemical composition and nutritive value of silage mixtures. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 19: 526-532.
• Owens, V.N., Albrecht, K.A., Muck, R.E. 1999. Protein degradation and ensiling characteristics of red clover and alfalfa wilted under varying levels of shade. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 79: 209-222.
• Pitt, R.E. 1990. The probability of inoculant effectiveness in alfalfa silages. American Society of Agricultural Engineering, 33: 1771-1778.
• Raques, C.A., Smith, D. 1966. Some non-structural carbohydrates in forage legume herbage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 14: 423-426.
• Ruixia, T., Yuan, A., Jinfeng, L., Guangwen, W. 2005. Effects of additives on quality of lucerne silage. Grassland of China, 27: 10-14.
• Salawu, M.B., Acamovic, T., Stewart, C.S., Hvelpund, T. 1999. The use of tannins as silage additives. effects on silage composition and mobile bag disappearance of dry matter and protein. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 82: 243-259.
• Santos, G.T., Oliveira, R.L., Petit, H.V., Cecato, U., Zeoula, L.M., Rigolon, L.P., Damascenes, J.C., Branco, A.F., Bett, V. 2000. Effect of tannic acid on composition and ruminal degradability of bermuda grass and alfalfa silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 83: 2016-2020.
• Slottner, D., Bertilsson, J. 2006. Effect of ensiling technology on protein degradation during ensilage. Animal Feed Science Technology, 127: 101-111.
• Statistica. 1993. Statistica for Windows Release 4.3, StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa, OK.
• Tabacco, E., Borreani, G., Crovetto, G.M., Galassi, G., Colombo, D., Cavallarin, L. 2006. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 4736-4746.
• Virtanen, A.I. 1993. The A.I.V. method of preserving fresh fodder. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1: 143-155.
• Winters, A.L., Cockburn, J.E., Dhanoa, M.S., Merry, R.J. 2000. Effect of lactic acid bacteria in inoculants on changes in amino acid composition during ensilage of sterile and non-sterile ryegrass. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 89: 442-451.
• Xian, L., Lujia, H., Shinichiro, H., Kazuhisa, N. 2004. Effects of different additives on the quality of alfalfa silage. Journal of China Agricultural University, 9: 25-30.
• Zhu, Y., Nishino, N., Kishida, Y., Uchida, S. 1999. Ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradation of italian ryegrass and lucerne silages treated with cell-degrading enzymes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79: 1987-1992.