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Türkiye’ye Ait Bazı Geofit Taksonlarının Moleküler Filogenisi, Sistematik Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 217 - 226, 22.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.970894

Öz

Bu çalışmada Kulp-Diyarbakır bölgesindeki doğal habitatlarından toplanan geofitlerin bazı üyeleri arasındaki evrimsel ilişkileri belirlemek için nükleer DNA (nrDNA) bölgesi (internal transkribed spacer, ITS) ve kloroplast DNA(cpDNA) bölgesinin (intergenic spacer, trnL-F) moleküler filogenetik analizi gerçekleştirdik. İki farklı DNA kaynağı kullanılarak yapılan maximum likelihood (en büyük olabilirlik kestirimi) yöntemi kullanılarak çizilen filogenetik ağaçlar bazı farklılıklar göstermesine rağmen monokotil petaloid taksonların dikotiledon geofit taksonlarından ayrıldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca her iki moleküler marker kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen filogenetik analizlerde Serapias, Anacamptis, Cephalanthera, Hymanthoglossum ve Dactylorhiza cinslerinin Orchis içerisine dahil olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, bu cinse ait alt türlerin akrabalık ilişkileri bizim sonuçlarımıza göre yeniden değerlendirilmelidir. Dikotil geofitler, Flora of Turkey'deki klasik sistematik düzene göre moleküler filogeni göstermekte ve bu taksonların tür içi ve türler arası ayrımlarının doğruluğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aceto, S., Caputo, P., Cozzolino, S., Gaudio, L. and Moretti, A. 1999. Phylogeny and Evolution of Orchis and Allied Genera Based on ITS DNA Variation: Morphological Gaps and Molecular Continuity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13: 67–76.
  • Akdeniz, N.S. and Zencirkıran, M. 2016. Bursa Geophytes and Their Usage Possibilities in Landscape Design. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 30, 692-702.
  • Anonymous. 2020. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı web site, https://arastirma. tarimorman.gov.tr/beykozbbgam/Belgeler/Teknik%20Bilgi/Geofitler.pdf
  • Cauwet-Marc, A.M. and Balayer, M. 1984. Les genres Orchis L., Dactylorhiza Necker ex Newski, Neotinea Reichb. et Traunsterinera Reichb.: Caryologie et proposition de phyloge´nie et d’e´volution. Bot. Helvetica, 94: 391–406.
  • Chase, M.W., Duval, M.R., Hillis, H.G., Conran, J.G., Cox, A.V., Eguiarte, L.E., Hartwell, J., Fay, M.F., Caddick, L.R., Cameron, K.M. and Hoot, S. 1995. Molecular phylogenetics of Lilianae. Pp. 109–137 in P. J. Rudall, P. J. Cribb, D. F. Cutler, and C. J. Humphries, eds. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. The Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, U.K.
  • Çığ, A. and Başdoğan, G. 2015. In vitro propagation techniques for some geophyte ornamental plants with high economic value. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 2(1), 27-49.
  • Cozzolino, S., Aceto, S., Caputo, P., Nazzaro, R. and Gaudio, L. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships in Orchis and some related genera: An approach using chloroplast DNA. Nord. J. Bot., 18: 79–87.
  • Cuéllar-Martínez, M. and Sosa, V. 2016. Diversity patterns of monocotiledonous geophytes in Mexico. Botanical Sciences, 94: 699.
  • Dafni, A., Cohen, D. and Noy-Mier, I. 1981. Life-cycle variation in geophytes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 68:652-660. DOI: 10.2307/2398893
  • Davis, P.H. 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Vol:1-9 University Press, Edinburg.Press. Edinburgh: U.K; 1965.
  • Doussi, M.A. and Thanos, C.A. 2002. Ecophysiology of seed germination in Mediterranean geophytes. 1. Muscari spp. Seed Science Research, 12:193-201. https://doi.org/10.1079/SSR2002111
  • Douzery, E.J.P., Pridgeon, A.M., Kores, P., Linder, H.P., Kurzweil, H. and Chase, M.W. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics of Diseae (Orchidaceae): A contribution from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Am. J. Bot., 86: 887-899.
  • Dyer, R.A. 1975. The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants. ISBN 0-621-02854-1.
  • Ebersberger, A., Telleria-Diaz, A., Natura, G., Eitner, A., Halbhuber, K.J. and Schaible, H.G. 2007. Prostaglandin D2 modulates nociceptive signalling and prostaglandin E2 effects in dorsal root ganglion neurons and spinal cord. Soc Neurosci Abstr, 33:184-9.
  • Erol, O., Kucuker, O. and Uzen, E. 2008. Corm tunic morphology of Turkish Crocoideae (Iridaceae) and their systematic significance. Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 66-73.
  • Evans, M., Aubriot, X., Hearn, D., Lanciaux, M., Lavergne, S., Cruaud, C., Lowry, P.P. and Haevermans., T. 2014. Insights on the evolution of plant succulence from a remarkable radiation in Madagascar (Euphorbia). Systematic Biology, 63: 697-711.
  • Fay, M.F., Chase, M.W., Ronsted, N., Devey, D.S., Pillon, Y., Pires, C., Peterson, G., Seberg, O. and Davis, J.I. 2006. Phylogenetics of Liliales. Phylogenetics of Liliales: Summarized Evidence from Combined Analyses of Five Plastid and One Mitochondrial Loci. Aliso, 22: 559-565.
  • Fernández-Mazuecos, M., Mellers, G., Vigalondo, B., Sáez, L., Vargas, P. and Glover, B.J. 2017. Resolving recent plant radiations: power and robustness of genotyping-by-sequencing. Systematic Biology, doi:10.1093/sysbio/ syx062.
  • Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C., Bari, A. 1991. Sulcus and Operculum Structure In The Pollen Grains of Iridaceae Subfamily Ixioideae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 78: 950-961.
  • Goldblatt, P. 2000. Phylogeny and Classification of the Iridaceae and the relationships of Iris. Annali Botanica., 58: 13-28.
  • Güner, H., Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Erik, S., Yıldız, B. and Vural, M. 1991. Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Önem Taşıyan Geofitleri Üzerine Taksonomik ve Ekolojik Araştırmalar, Ankara.
  • Güner, H. 2006. Inventory of Growing Geophytes in the Botanical Gardens in Istanbul Turkey. Master Thesis. Istanbul University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul.
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C. (editors) 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Güner, A. (editors) 2018. Resimli Türkiye Florası (Illustrated Flora of Turkey) Vol:2. NAMAŞ Yayınları, ISSN: 978-605-67172-3-9.
  • Hoffmann, A.J., Liberona, F. and Hoffmann, A.E. 1998. Distribution and ecology of geophytes in Chile. Conservation threats to geophytes in Mediterraneantype regions. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G. And Jaksic, F.M. [eds.], Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, 231-253. Springer Nature, New York, New York, USA.
  • Hoot, S.B. 1995. Phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae based on preliminary atpB, rbcL and 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl., 9: 241-251.
  • Jansen, R.K. 1993. Chloroplast DNA variation and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol., 187: 29-49.
  • Johansson, J. T. 1995. A revised chloroplast DNA phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl., 9: 253-261.
  • Kamenetsky, R. 2013. Biodiversity of geophytes, phytogeography, morphology and survival strategies. In: Kamenetsky R. and Okubo H. Eds. Ornamental geophytes: from basic science to sustainable production, pp. 57-71. CRC. Press, Boca Raton.
  • Kamenetsky, R. and Hiroshi, O. 2013. Ornamental Geophytes from Basic Science to Sustainable Production, CRC Press, U.S., 15-19.
  • Koniak, G., Noy-Meir, I. and Perevolotsky, A. 2009. Estimating multiple benefits from vegetation in Mediter-ranean ecosystems. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:3483-3501. DOI: 10.1007/S10531-009-9656-9.
  • Mallo, D. and Posada, D. 2016. Multilocus inference of species trees and DNA barcoding. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B, 371, 20150335.
  • Meerow, A.W. 2013. Taxonomy and phylogeny. In: Kamenestky R, Okubo H, Eds. Ornamental geophytes: from basic science to sustainable production. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 17-55.
  • Oberlander, K.C., Emshwiller, E., Bellstedt, D.U. and Dreyer, L.L. 2009. A model of bulb evolution in the eudicot genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51: 54-63.
  • Özhatay, N., Byfeld, A. ve Atay, S. 2003. Türkiye’nin Önemli Bitki Alanları, WWF Türkiye (Doğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı), İstanbul.
  • Parsons, R.F., and Hopper, S.D. 2003. Monocotyledonous geophytes: Comparison of south-western Australia with other areas of mediterranean climate. Australian Journal of Botany, 51: 129-133.
  • Parsons, R.F. 2000. Monocots geophytes: comparison of California with Victoria, Australia. American Journal of Botany, 48:39-43. DOI: 10.1971/ BT98056.
  • Pate, J.S. and Dixon K.W. 1982. Tuberous, cormous and bulbous plants. Biology of an adaptive strategy in Western Australia. International Scholarly Book Services Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
  • Patterson, T.B. and Givnish, T.J. 2002. Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from rbc L and ndh F sequence data. Evolution, 56: 233-252.
  • Perret, M., Chautems, A., Spichiger, R., Kite, G. and Savolainen, V. 2003. Systematics and evolution of tribe Sinningieae (Gesneriaceae): Evidence from phylogenetic analyses of six plastid DNA regions and nuclear ncpGS. American Journal of Botany, 90: 445-460.
  • Pfosser, M. and Speta, F. 1999. Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 86, 852–875.
  • Procheş, S., Cowling, R.M. and du Preez, D.R. 2005. Patterns of geophyte and storage organ size in the win-ter-rainfall region of southern Africa. Diversity and Distributions, 11:101-109. DOI: 10.111/j.1366-9516.2005.00132.x
  • Procheş, S., Cowling, R.M., Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C. and Snijman, D.A. 2006. An overview of the Cape geo-phytes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87:27-43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00557.x
  • Rashed-Mohassel, M.H. 2006. Saffron Botany. 1st edition. eBook ISBN9780429083242.
  • Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford University Press, London, UK.
  • Rossi, W., Corrias, B., Arduino, P., Cianchi, R. and Bullini, L. 1994. Multilocus electrophoresis and European orchid systematics: The genus Orchis and related genera. Proc. 14th World Orchid Conf. Glasgow. HMSO: 78–83.
  • Rundel, P. W. 1996. Monocotyledonous geophytes in the California flora. Madrono 43: 355-368.
  • Seyidoğlu, N., Zencirkıran, M., Ayaşlıgil, Y. 2009. Position and application areas of geophytes within landscape design. African Journal of Agricultural Research, l: 4 (12), pp. 1351-1357.
  • Sonboli, A. and Oberprieler, C. 2010. Phylogenetic relationship and taxonomic position of Xylanthemum tianschanicum(Krasch.) Muradyan (Compositae, Anthemideae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS data. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 38: 702-707.
  • Sosa, V. and Loera, I. 2017. Influence of current climate, historical climate stability and topography on species richness and endemism in Mesoamerican geophyte plants. PeerJ 5: e3932.
  • Sosa, V., Cameron, K.M., Angulo, D.F. and Hernández-Hernández, T. 2016. Life form evolution in epidendroid orchids: Ecological consequences of the shift from epiphytism to terrestrial habit in Hexalectris. Taxon, 65: 235-248.
  • Taberlet, P., Gielly, L., Pautou, G. and Bovet, J. 1991. Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol. Biol., 17: 1105-1109.
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  • Verboom, G.A., Stock, W.D. and Linder, H.P. 2002. Determinants of postfire flowering in the geophytic grass Eh-rharta capensis. Functional Ecology, 16:705-713. http://www.jstor.org/stable/826600
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  • Veselý, P., Bureš, P., Šmarda, P. and Pavlíček, T. 2012. Genome size and DNA base composition of geophytes: the mirror of phenology and ecology? Annals of Botany, 109:65-75. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr267.
  • Wilson, C.A. 2006. Patterns in evolution in characters that define Iris subgenera and sections. Aliso, 22: 425.433.
  • Zencirkıran, M. 2002. Geophytes. Uludağ Rotary Derneği Yayınları No:1, ISBN: 975-93004-0-0.

Molecular Phylogeny of Some Geophytes Taxa from Turkey; Systematic Approaches

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 217 - 226, 22.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.970894

Öz

To determine the evolutionary relationships among some members of geophytes collected from their natural habitat in Kulp-Diyarbakır we carried out molecular phylogenetic analysis of one nuclear DNA (nrDNA) region (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region (intergenic spacer region of trnL-F). Despite phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood done by two different DNA source show some differences it was identified that monocotyl petaloid taxa differ from dicotyledone geophyte ones. Also both phylogenetic trees reveal that Serapias, Anacamptis, Cephalanthera, Himanthoglossum and Dactylorhiza are nested in Orchis. Therefore the infraspecific relationships of these genera should be re-evaluated according to our molecular phylogenetic study results. Dicotyl geophyts show molecular phylogeny in accordance with the classical systematic order in Flora of Turkey and reveal the accuracy of interspecific and infraspecific distinctions of these taxa.

Kaynakça

  • Aceto, S., Caputo, P., Cozzolino, S., Gaudio, L. and Moretti, A. 1999. Phylogeny and Evolution of Orchis and Allied Genera Based on ITS DNA Variation: Morphological Gaps and Molecular Continuity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13: 67–76.
  • Akdeniz, N.S. and Zencirkıran, M. 2016. Bursa Geophytes and Their Usage Possibilities in Landscape Design. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 30, 692-702.
  • Anonymous. 2020. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı web site, https://arastirma. tarimorman.gov.tr/beykozbbgam/Belgeler/Teknik%20Bilgi/Geofitler.pdf
  • Cauwet-Marc, A.M. and Balayer, M. 1984. Les genres Orchis L., Dactylorhiza Necker ex Newski, Neotinea Reichb. et Traunsterinera Reichb.: Caryologie et proposition de phyloge´nie et d’e´volution. Bot. Helvetica, 94: 391–406.
  • Chase, M.W., Duval, M.R., Hillis, H.G., Conran, J.G., Cox, A.V., Eguiarte, L.E., Hartwell, J., Fay, M.F., Caddick, L.R., Cameron, K.M. and Hoot, S. 1995. Molecular phylogenetics of Lilianae. Pp. 109–137 in P. J. Rudall, P. J. Cribb, D. F. Cutler, and C. J. Humphries, eds. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. The Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, U.K.
  • Çığ, A. and Başdoğan, G. 2015. In vitro propagation techniques for some geophyte ornamental plants with high economic value. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 2(1), 27-49.
  • Cozzolino, S., Aceto, S., Caputo, P., Nazzaro, R. and Gaudio, L. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships in Orchis and some related genera: An approach using chloroplast DNA. Nord. J. Bot., 18: 79–87.
  • Cuéllar-Martínez, M. and Sosa, V. 2016. Diversity patterns of monocotiledonous geophytes in Mexico. Botanical Sciences, 94: 699.
  • Dafni, A., Cohen, D. and Noy-Mier, I. 1981. Life-cycle variation in geophytes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 68:652-660. DOI: 10.2307/2398893
  • Davis, P.H. 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Vol:1-9 University Press, Edinburg.Press. Edinburgh: U.K; 1965.
  • Doussi, M.A. and Thanos, C.A. 2002. Ecophysiology of seed germination in Mediterranean geophytes. 1. Muscari spp. Seed Science Research, 12:193-201. https://doi.org/10.1079/SSR2002111
  • Douzery, E.J.P., Pridgeon, A.M., Kores, P., Linder, H.P., Kurzweil, H. and Chase, M.W. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics of Diseae (Orchidaceae): A contribution from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Am. J. Bot., 86: 887-899.
  • Dyer, R.A. 1975. The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants. ISBN 0-621-02854-1.
  • Ebersberger, A., Telleria-Diaz, A., Natura, G., Eitner, A., Halbhuber, K.J. and Schaible, H.G. 2007. Prostaglandin D2 modulates nociceptive signalling and prostaglandin E2 effects in dorsal root ganglion neurons and spinal cord. Soc Neurosci Abstr, 33:184-9.
  • Erol, O., Kucuker, O. and Uzen, E. 2008. Corm tunic morphology of Turkish Crocoideae (Iridaceae) and their systematic significance. Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 66-73.
  • Evans, M., Aubriot, X., Hearn, D., Lanciaux, M., Lavergne, S., Cruaud, C., Lowry, P.P. and Haevermans., T. 2014. Insights on the evolution of plant succulence from a remarkable radiation in Madagascar (Euphorbia). Systematic Biology, 63: 697-711.
  • Fay, M.F., Chase, M.W., Ronsted, N., Devey, D.S., Pillon, Y., Pires, C., Peterson, G., Seberg, O. and Davis, J.I. 2006. Phylogenetics of Liliales. Phylogenetics of Liliales: Summarized Evidence from Combined Analyses of Five Plastid and One Mitochondrial Loci. Aliso, 22: 559-565.
  • Fernández-Mazuecos, M., Mellers, G., Vigalondo, B., Sáez, L., Vargas, P. and Glover, B.J. 2017. Resolving recent plant radiations: power and robustness of genotyping-by-sequencing. Systematic Biology, doi:10.1093/sysbio/ syx062.
  • Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C., Bari, A. 1991. Sulcus and Operculum Structure In The Pollen Grains of Iridaceae Subfamily Ixioideae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 78: 950-961.
  • Goldblatt, P. 2000. Phylogeny and Classification of the Iridaceae and the relationships of Iris. Annali Botanica., 58: 13-28.
  • Güner, H., Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Erik, S., Yıldız, B. and Vural, M. 1991. Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Önem Taşıyan Geofitleri Üzerine Taksonomik ve Ekolojik Araştırmalar, Ankara.
  • Güner, H. 2006. Inventory of Growing Geophytes in the Botanical Gardens in Istanbul Turkey. Master Thesis. Istanbul University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul.
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C. (editors) 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Güner, A. (editors) 2018. Resimli Türkiye Florası (Illustrated Flora of Turkey) Vol:2. NAMAŞ Yayınları, ISSN: 978-605-67172-3-9.
  • Hoffmann, A.J., Liberona, F. and Hoffmann, A.E. 1998. Distribution and ecology of geophytes in Chile. Conservation threats to geophytes in Mediterraneantype regions. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G. And Jaksic, F.M. [eds.], Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, 231-253. Springer Nature, New York, New York, USA.
  • Hoot, S.B. 1995. Phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae based on preliminary atpB, rbcL and 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl., 9: 241-251.
  • Jansen, R.K. 1993. Chloroplast DNA variation and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol., 187: 29-49.
  • Johansson, J. T. 1995. A revised chloroplast DNA phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl., 9: 253-261.
  • Kamenetsky, R. 2013. Biodiversity of geophytes, phytogeography, morphology and survival strategies. In: Kamenetsky R. and Okubo H. Eds. Ornamental geophytes: from basic science to sustainable production, pp. 57-71. CRC. Press, Boca Raton.
  • Kamenetsky, R. and Hiroshi, O. 2013. Ornamental Geophytes from Basic Science to Sustainable Production, CRC Press, U.S., 15-19.
  • Koniak, G., Noy-Meir, I. and Perevolotsky, A. 2009. Estimating multiple benefits from vegetation in Mediter-ranean ecosystems. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:3483-3501. DOI: 10.1007/S10531-009-9656-9.
  • Mallo, D. and Posada, D. 2016. Multilocus inference of species trees and DNA barcoding. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B, 371, 20150335.
  • Meerow, A.W. 2013. Taxonomy and phylogeny. In: Kamenestky R, Okubo H, Eds. Ornamental geophytes: from basic science to sustainable production. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 17-55.
  • Oberlander, K.C., Emshwiller, E., Bellstedt, D.U. and Dreyer, L.L. 2009. A model of bulb evolution in the eudicot genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51: 54-63.
  • Özhatay, N., Byfeld, A. ve Atay, S. 2003. Türkiye’nin Önemli Bitki Alanları, WWF Türkiye (Doğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı), İstanbul.
  • Parsons, R.F., and Hopper, S.D. 2003. Monocotyledonous geophytes: Comparison of south-western Australia with other areas of mediterranean climate. Australian Journal of Botany, 51: 129-133.
  • Parsons, R.F. 2000. Monocots geophytes: comparison of California with Victoria, Australia. American Journal of Botany, 48:39-43. DOI: 10.1971/ BT98056.
  • Pate, J.S. and Dixon K.W. 1982. Tuberous, cormous and bulbous plants. Biology of an adaptive strategy in Western Australia. International Scholarly Book Services Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
  • Patterson, T.B. and Givnish, T.J. 2002. Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from rbc L and ndh F sequence data. Evolution, 56: 233-252.
  • Perret, M., Chautems, A., Spichiger, R., Kite, G. and Savolainen, V. 2003. Systematics and evolution of tribe Sinningieae (Gesneriaceae): Evidence from phylogenetic analyses of six plastid DNA regions and nuclear ncpGS. American Journal of Botany, 90: 445-460.
  • Pfosser, M. and Speta, F. 1999. Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 86, 852–875.
  • Procheş, S., Cowling, R.M. and du Preez, D.R. 2005. Patterns of geophyte and storage organ size in the win-ter-rainfall region of southern Africa. Diversity and Distributions, 11:101-109. DOI: 10.111/j.1366-9516.2005.00132.x
  • Procheş, S., Cowling, R.M., Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C. and Snijman, D.A. 2006. An overview of the Cape geo-phytes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87:27-43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00557.x
  • Rashed-Mohassel, M.H. 2006. Saffron Botany. 1st edition. eBook ISBN9780429083242.
  • Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford University Press, London, UK.
  • Rossi, W., Corrias, B., Arduino, P., Cianchi, R. and Bullini, L. 1994. Multilocus electrophoresis and European orchid systematics: The genus Orchis and related genera. Proc. 14th World Orchid Conf. Glasgow. HMSO: 78–83.
  • Rundel, P. W. 1996. Monocotyledonous geophytes in the California flora. Madrono 43: 355-368.
  • Seyidoğlu, N., Zencirkıran, M., Ayaşlıgil, Y. 2009. Position and application areas of geophytes within landscape design. African Journal of Agricultural Research, l: 4 (12), pp. 1351-1357.
  • Sonboli, A. and Oberprieler, C. 2010. Phylogenetic relationship and taxonomic position of Xylanthemum tianschanicum(Krasch.) Muradyan (Compositae, Anthemideae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS data. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 38: 702-707.
  • Sosa, V. and Loera, I. 2017. Influence of current climate, historical climate stability and topography on species richness and endemism in Mesoamerican geophyte plants. PeerJ 5: e3932.
  • Sosa, V., Cameron, K.M., Angulo, D.F. and Hernández-Hernández, T. 2016. Life form evolution in epidendroid orchids: Ecological consequences of the shift from epiphytism to terrestrial habit in Hexalectris. Taxon, 65: 235-248.
  • Taberlet, P., Gielly, L., Pautou, G. and Bovet, J. 1991. Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol. Biol., 17: 1105-1109.
  • Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Kumar, S. 2021. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution., 38: 3022–3027.
  • Thompson, J.D. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res., 22: 4673-4680.
  • Tyler, C. and Borchert, M. 2003. Reproduction and growth of the chaparral geophyte, Zigadenus fremontii (Lili-aceae), in relation to fire. Plant Ecology, 165:11-20. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021460025277.
  • Verboom, G.A., Stock, W.D. and Linder, H.P. 2002. Determinants of postfire flowering in the geophytic grass Eh-rharta capensis. Functional Ecology, 16:705-713. http://www.jstor.org/stable/826600
  • Vermeulen, P. 1972. U¨ bersicht zur Systematik und Taxonomie derGattung Orchis s. str. Jahresber. Naturwiss. Ver. Wuppertal, 25: 22–36.
  • Veselý, P., Bureš, P., Šmarda, P. and Pavlíček, T. 2012. Genome size and DNA base composition of geophytes: the mirror of phenology and ecology? Annals of Botany, 109:65-75. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr267.
  • Wilson, C.A. 2006. Patterns in evolution in characters that define Iris subgenera and sections. Aliso, 22: 425.433.
  • Zencirkıran, M. 2002. Geophytes. Uludağ Rotary Derneği Yayınları No:1, ISBN: 975-93004-0-0.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Alparslan Koçak 0000-0002-4581-9736

Gülden Koçak 0000-0002-3890-0579

İlyas Deniz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2785-8464

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koçak, A., Koçak, G., & Deniz, İ. (2022). Molecular Phylogeny of Some Geophytes Taxa from Turkey; Systematic Approaches. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.970894