Fındık Tarımında Kısmi Zamanlı Çiftçiliğin Tarımsal Arazi Kullanım Özelliklerine Etkilerinin ve Sosyal Maliyetinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 350 - 365, 23.04.2022

Çağatay Yıldırım , İsmet Boz

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1067017

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmada, (i) kısmi zamanlı çiftçiliğin arazi kullanım özellikleri, üretkenlik ve verimlilik üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve (ii) fındık üretiminde kısmi zamanlı çiftçiliğin sosyal maliyetini tahmin etmektir amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri Ordu ve Giresun illerinde tesadüfi seçilen 152 fındık üreticisinden toplanmıştır. Fındık tarımında yarı zamanlı çiftçiliğin sosyal maliyeti tahmin edilirken, katlanılan üretim maliyeti, verim kayıpları ve fiyat kayıpları değerlendirilmiş ve birleştirilmiştir. İşletme düzeyinde etkinliği ölçmek için stokastik sınır üretim fonksiyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, araştırma alanındaki kısmi zamanlı çiftçiler için uygun olmayan arazi kullanımının sebeplerinin aşırı kimyasal kullanımı, hasat süresinin daha kısa olması, gübre kullanımında toprak ve yaprak analiz sonuçlarının göz ardı edilmesi, çiftçilerin yeterli yatırıml yapmaması gibi sebepler olduğunu göstermiştir. Tam zamanlı çiftçiler, kısmi zamanlı çiftçilerden daha yüksek bir teknik etkinlik puanına sahiptir. Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde kısmi zamanlı çiftçiliğin sosyal maliyeti hektara 4424 TL, toplamı ise 1,47 milyar TL’dir. Etkinliği düşük kısmi zamanlı çiftçilerin fındık bahçelerinin yasal hakları korunarak tam zamanlı çiftçilere geçişini kolaylaştırılması, kısmi zamanlı çiftçiliğin arazi kullanımının sürdürülebilirliği üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini ve dışsallıkları azaltabilir. Çalışmada ayrıca, kısmi zamanlı çiftçilerin doğrudan devlet desteğine ulaşmalarının veya eğitim programlarından yararlanmalarının sağlanması kısmi zamanlı çiftçiliğin sosyal maliyetini azaltabileceği önerilmektedir. Hem aile işgücü hem de ücretli işgücünün niteliklerinin artırılmasına yönelik eğitim ve yayım programlarının geliştirilmesi, bölgede sürdürülebilir arazi kullanımına olumlu katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fındık, kısmi zamanlı çiftçilik, etkinlik analizi, sosyal maliyet

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

116K758

Exploring The Effects of Part-Time Hazelnut Farming on Agricultural Land Use Characteristics and Its Social Cost

Öz

The purposes of the study purpose were (i) to explore the effects of part-time farming on land use characteristics, productivity, and efficiency, and (ii) to estimate the social cost of part-time farming in hazelnut production. The research data were gathered from randomly selected 152 hazelnut farmers in Ordu and Giresun provinces, Turkey. When estimating the part-time farming social cost in hazelnut production, sacrificed production cost, yield losses, and price losses were assessed and combined. The stochastic frontier production function model was used to measure farm-level productive efficiency. The research findings showed that excessive chemical usage, shorter harvesting time, ignoring soil and leaf analysis results when applying fertilizers, lack of investments among farmers were the reasons for inappropriate land use for the part-time farms in the research area. Full-time farmers had a higher technical efficiency score than part-time farmers. The social cost of part-time farming was ₺4424 per hectare and ₺1.47 billion in Black Sea Region. The study suggested using a legislative process to transfer hazelnut orchards to full-time farmers. Facilitating the transfer of unproductive part-time hazelnut orchards to full-time operations may decrease the adverse effects of part-time farming on the sustainability of land use and of externalities. The study also recommended that prescribing part-time farmers to reach direct government support or benefit farmers' education programs may also reduce the social cost of part-time farming. Developing education and extension programs for increasing the qualification of both family and hired labor may positively contribute the sustainable land use in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hazelnut, part-time farming, efficiency analysis, social cost

Proje Numarası

116K758

Kaynakça

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