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Hatay İli Arıcılık İşletmelerinde Nosema ve Amoeba Enfeksiyonlarının Yaygınlığı

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 976 - 981, 18.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1146521

Abstract

Nosemosis ergin bal arılarının sindirim sistemini etkileyen, arı kayıplarına neden olan, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de yaygın görülen tehlikeli ve bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. Malpighamoeba mellificae etkeninin sebep olduğu amoebiasis güçlü kolonilerde tek başına ciddi problemlere yol açmaz. Ancak nosemosis ile birlikte seyrettiğinde hastalığın virülansını ve mortalitesini artırarak önemli kayıplara neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, Hatay ili arıcılık işletmelerinde mikroskobik yöntemle nosemosis ve amoebiasis hastalıklarının yaygınlıklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Örneklerin çoğunluğunu gezgin arıcılık işletmelerinin oluşturduğu çalışma, 2021 ilkbahar aylarında yapıldı. Çalışmada, Hatay ilinin dört ilçesindeki 62 arıcılık işletmesinde 343 kovandan ergin işçi arı örnekleri toplandı. Mikroskobik inceleme sonuçlarına göre arıcılık işletmelerinde Nosema spp., M. mellificae ve miks enfeksiyon oranları sırasıyla %21, %15 ve %29; bu işletmelerdeki kovanlarda ise sırasıyla %17, %5 ve %8 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, Hatay ilindeki işletmelerin %65’inde, bu işletmelerdeki kovanların ise %30’unda nosemosis ve amoebiasis hastalıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Nosema spp. ve M. mellificae enfeksiyonları birlikte görülmesine rağmen, önemli klinik semptomların ve arı kayıplarının olmaması, dirençli kolonilerde ciddi bir risk oluşturmayacağı sonucunu doğurmuştur.

References

  • Ansari, MJ., Al-Ghamdi, A., Nuru, A., Khan, KA., & Alattal, Y. 2017. Geographical distribution and molecular detection of Nosema ceranae from indigenous honey bees of Saudi Arabia. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 24: 983-991, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.054.
  • Aydin, L., Cakmak, I., Gulegen, E., & Wells, H. 2005. Honey bee Nosema disease in the Republic of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 44: 196-197, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2005.11101179.
  • Aydin, L., Gulegen, E., Cakmak, I., Girisgin, A. O., & Wells, H. 2006. Relation between Nosema and Chalkbrood diseases, and its implication for an apiary management model. Bulletin-Veterinary Institute In Pulawy, 50: 471-475.
  • Aydın, L., Doğanay, A., Oruç, H., Yeşilbağ, K., Bakırcı, S., & Girişkin, O. 2017. Bal Arısı Yetiştiriciliği Ürünleri Hastalıkları, Vol. 1: by A Doğan & L Aydın) Dora Basım Yayım Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., Bursa, 470 s.
  • Bailey, L. 1968. The measurement and interrelationships of infections with Nosema apis and Malpighamoeba mellificae of honey-bee populations. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 12: 175-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(68)90174-2.
  • Balkaya, İ., Gülbaz, H., Avcıoğlu, H., & Güven, E. 2016. Türkiye’de Görülen Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera) Hastalıkları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 11: 339-347, https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282993.
  • Can, M. F., & Yalçın, C. 2015. Investigation of organizational responsibility and satisfaction level of the cattle producers in Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21: 711-717. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2015.13229.
  • Fries, I. 1993. Nosema apis—a parasite in the honey bee colony. Bee World, 74: 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1993.11099149.
  • Fries, I., Feng, F., da Silva, A., Slemenda, S. B., & Pieniazek, N. J. 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp.(Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). European Journal of Protistology, 32: 356-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(96)80059-9.
  • Higes, M., Martín, R., & Meana, A. 2006. Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honeybees in Europe. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 92 (2): 93-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2006.02.005.
  • Higes, M., García-Palencia, P., Martín-Hernández, R., & Meana, A. 2007. Experimental infection of Apis mellifera honeybees with Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia). Journal of invertebrate pathology, 94 (3): 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2007.11.001.
  • Huang, W-F., Jiang, J-H., Chen, Y-W., & Wang, C-H. 2007. A Nosema ceranae isolate from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Apidologie, 38 (1): 30-37, https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006054.
  • Klee, J., Besana, A. M., Genersch, E., Gisder, S., Nanetti, A., & Tam, D. Q., et al. 2007. Widespread dispersal of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 96 (1): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.014.
  • Mayack, C., & Naug, D. 2009. Energetic stress in the honeybee Apis mellifera from Nosema ceranae infection. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 100 (3): 185-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.12.001.
  • Mengistu T. Survey on pests of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in private Apiaries in Addis Ababa. Vol. Department of Zoological sciences (ed. Addis Ababa University, Master thesis, 2017.
  • Muz, D., & Muz, M. N. 2009. Survey of the occurrence of Deformed Wing Virus and multiple parasites of queens (Apis mellifera L.) in apiaries with collapsed colonies in Hatay, Turkey. Journal of apicultural research, 48: 204-208, https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.48.3.09.
  • Muz, M. N., Girisgin, A. O., Muz, D., & Aydin, L. 2010. Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infections in Turkish apiaries with collapsed colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49 (4): 342-342, DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.49.4.09.
  • Muz, D., & Muz, M. N. 2017. Tekirdağ'da" Koloni Kaybı Sendromu" Benzeri Kayıp Görülen Arılıklarda Bazı Patojenlerinin Araştırılması. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 10 (1): 21-28, DOI: 10.5578/kvj.53858.
  • Özüiçli, M., & Aydın, L. 2018. Türkiye bal arılarında ciddi tehlike; nosemosis. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 37 (2): 151-157, https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.419001.
  • Paxton, R. J., Klee, J., Korpela, S., & Fries, I. 2007. Nosema ceranae has infected Apis mellifera in Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent than Nosema apis. Apidologie, 38 (6): 558-565, https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007037.
  • Paxton, R. J. 2010. Does infection by Nosema ceranae cause “Colony Collapse Disorder” in honey bees (Apis mellifera)? Journal of Apicultural Research, 49 (1): 80-84, DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.49.1.11.
  • Plischuk, S., & Lange, C. E. 2010. Detección de Malpighamoeba mellificae (Protista: Amoebozoa) en Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) de Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 69 (3-4): 299-303.
  • TUİK. 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=101&locale=tr, (Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2021).
  • Uygur, Ş. Ö., & Girişgin, A. O. 2008. Bal arısı hastalık ve zararlıları. U. Arı D. - U. Bee J., 8 (4): 130-142.
  • Ütük, A. E., Pişkin, F. Ç., & Kurt M. 2010. Türkiye’de Nosema ceranae’nın ilk moleküler tanısı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 57: 275-278.
  • Ütük, A. E., Piskin, F. C., Girisgin, A. O., Selcuk, O., & Aydin, L. 2016. Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey. Apidologie, 47: 267-271, DOI: 10.1007/s13592-015-0394-6.
  • Varis, A., Ball, B., & Allen, M. 1992. The incidence of pathogens in honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colonies in Finland and Great Britain. Apidologie, 23 (2): 133-137, DOI: 10.1051/apido:19920205.
  • Whitaker, J., Szalanski, A. L., & Kence, M. 2011. Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and N. apis from Turkish honey bees. Apidologie, 42: 174-180, DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010045.
  • Zerek, A, Yaman, M., & Dik, B. 2022. Prevalence of nosemosis in honey bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) in Hatay province of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 61 (3): 368-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2021.2008706.

Prevalence of Nosema and Amoeba Infections in Beekeeping Farms in Hatay Province

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 976 - 981, 18.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1146521

Abstract

Nosemosis is a dangerous and contagious disease that affects the digestive system of adult honey bees, causes bee losses, and is common in the world and in Turkey. Amoebiasis caused by Malpighamoeba mellificae does not lead to serious problems in strong colonies alone. However, when it progresses with nosemosis, it may cause significant losses by increasing the virulence and mortality of the disease. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the prevalence of nosemosis and amoebiasis diseases by microscopic method in beekeeping enterprises in Hatay province. The study, in which the majority of the samples were composed of mobile beekeeping enterprises, was carried out in the spring of 2021. In the study, adult worker bee samples were collected from 343 hives in 62 beekeeping enterprises in 4 districts of Hatay province. According to the results of the microscopic examination, the rates of Nosema spp., M. mellificae and mixed infections in beekeeping enterprises were 21%, 15% and 29%, respectively; and they were determined as 17%, 5% and 8% in the hives in these enterprises, respectively. As a result, nosemosis and amoebiasis diseases were detected in 65% of the enterprises in Hatay, in 30% of the hives of these enterprises. Although Nosema spp. and M. mellificae infections, were observed together in this study, the absence of significant clinical symptoms and bee losses, led to the conclusion that it would not pose a serious risk in resistant colonies.

References

  • Ansari, MJ., Al-Ghamdi, A., Nuru, A., Khan, KA., & Alattal, Y. 2017. Geographical distribution and molecular detection of Nosema ceranae from indigenous honey bees of Saudi Arabia. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 24: 983-991, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.054.
  • Aydin, L., Cakmak, I., Gulegen, E., & Wells, H. 2005. Honey bee Nosema disease in the Republic of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 44: 196-197, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2005.11101179.
  • Aydin, L., Gulegen, E., Cakmak, I., Girisgin, A. O., & Wells, H. 2006. Relation between Nosema and Chalkbrood diseases, and its implication for an apiary management model. Bulletin-Veterinary Institute In Pulawy, 50: 471-475.
  • Aydın, L., Doğanay, A., Oruç, H., Yeşilbağ, K., Bakırcı, S., & Girişkin, O. 2017. Bal Arısı Yetiştiriciliği Ürünleri Hastalıkları, Vol. 1: by A Doğan & L Aydın) Dora Basım Yayım Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., Bursa, 470 s.
  • Bailey, L. 1968. The measurement and interrelationships of infections with Nosema apis and Malpighamoeba mellificae of honey-bee populations. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 12: 175-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(68)90174-2.
  • Balkaya, İ., Gülbaz, H., Avcıoğlu, H., & Güven, E. 2016. Türkiye’de Görülen Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera) Hastalıkları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 11: 339-347, https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282993.
  • Can, M. F., & Yalçın, C. 2015. Investigation of organizational responsibility and satisfaction level of the cattle producers in Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21: 711-717. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2015.13229.
  • Fries, I. 1993. Nosema apis—a parasite in the honey bee colony. Bee World, 74: 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1993.11099149.
  • Fries, I., Feng, F., da Silva, A., Slemenda, S. B., & Pieniazek, N. J. 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp.(Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). European Journal of Protistology, 32: 356-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(96)80059-9.
  • Higes, M., Martín, R., & Meana, A. 2006. Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honeybees in Europe. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 92 (2): 93-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2006.02.005.
  • Higes, M., García-Palencia, P., Martín-Hernández, R., & Meana, A. 2007. Experimental infection of Apis mellifera honeybees with Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia). Journal of invertebrate pathology, 94 (3): 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2007.11.001.
  • Huang, W-F., Jiang, J-H., Chen, Y-W., & Wang, C-H. 2007. A Nosema ceranae isolate from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Apidologie, 38 (1): 30-37, https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006054.
  • Klee, J., Besana, A. M., Genersch, E., Gisder, S., Nanetti, A., & Tam, D. Q., et al. 2007. Widespread dispersal of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 96 (1): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.014.
  • Mayack, C., & Naug, D. 2009. Energetic stress in the honeybee Apis mellifera from Nosema ceranae infection. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 100 (3): 185-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.12.001.
  • Mengistu T. Survey on pests of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in private Apiaries in Addis Ababa. Vol. Department of Zoological sciences (ed. Addis Ababa University, Master thesis, 2017.
  • Muz, D., & Muz, M. N. 2009. Survey of the occurrence of Deformed Wing Virus and multiple parasites of queens (Apis mellifera L.) in apiaries with collapsed colonies in Hatay, Turkey. Journal of apicultural research, 48: 204-208, https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.48.3.09.
  • Muz, M. N., Girisgin, A. O., Muz, D., & Aydin, L. 2010. Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infections in Turkish apiaries with collapsed colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49 (4): 342-342, DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.49.4.09.
  • Muz, D., & Muz, M. N. 2017. Tekirdağ'da" Koloni Kaybı Sendromu" Benzeri Kayıp Görülen Arılıklarda Bazı Patojenlerinin Araştırılması. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 10 (1): 21-28, DOI: 10.5578/kvj.53858.
  • Özüiçli, M., & Aydın, L. 2018. Türkiye bal arılarında ciddi tehlike; nosemosis. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 37 (2): 151-157, https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.419001.
  • Paxton, R. J., Klee, J., Korpela, S., & Fries, I. 2007. Nosema ceranae has infected Apis mellifera in Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent than Nosema apis. Apidologie, 38 (6): 558-565, https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007037.
  • Paxton, R. J. 2010. Does infection by Nosema ceranae cause “Colony Collapse Disorder” in honey bees (Apis mellifera)? Journal of Apicultural Research, 49 (1): 80-84, DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.49.1.11.
  • Plischuk, S., & Lange, C. E. 2010. Detección de Malpighamoeba mellificae (Protista: Amoebozoa) en Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) de Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 69 (3-4): 299-303.
  • TUİK. 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=101&locale=tr, (Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2021).
  • Uygur, Ş. Ö., & Girişgin, A. O. 2008. Bal arısı hastalık ve zararlıları. U. Arı D. - U. Bee J., 8 (4): 130-142.
  • Ütük, A. E., Pişkin, F. Ç., & Kurt M. 2010. Türkiye’de Nosema ceranae’nın ilk moleküler tanısı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 57: 275-278.
  • Ütük, A. E., Piskin, F. C., Girisgin, A. O., Selcuk, O., & Aydin, L. 2016. Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey. Apidologie, 47: 267-271, DOI: 10.1007/s13592-015-0394-6.
  • Varis, A., Ball, B., & Allen, M. 1992. The incidence of pathogens in honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colonies in Finland and Great Britain. Apidologie, 23 (2): 133-137, DOI: 10.1051/apido:19920205.
  • Whitaker, J., Szalanski, A. L., & Kence, M. 2011. Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and N. apis from Turkish honey bees. Apidologie, 42: 174-180, DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010045.
  • Zerek, A, Yaman, M., & Dik, B. 2022. Prevalence of nosemosis in honey bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) in Hatay province of Turkey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 61 (3): 368-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2021.2008706.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aykut Zerek 0000-0002-8533-387X

Publication Date October 18, 2022
Submission Date July 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Zerek, A. (2022). Prevalence of Nosema and Amoeba Infections in Beekeeping Farms in Hatay Province. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 9(4), 976-981. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1146521