Investigation of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Crude, Refined and Fried Safflower Oils

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1121 - 1128, 13.10.2023

Tanzer Eryılmaz , Seda Şahin

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1294598

Abstract

This study examined the fuel properties of biodiesels derived from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) crude and refined oils, as well as those produced from waste safflower crude oil and waste safflower refined oil generated from frying. Biodiesel produced from safflower crude oil, refined oil, waste crude oil and waste refined oil, respectively; Density at 15°C (883.2)-(896.3)-(889.8)-(877.9) kg m-3, kinematic viscosity at 40°C (4.57)-(5.55)-(5.72)-(4.86) mm2s-1 cold filter plugging point (SFTN) (-8), (-9), (-12), (-11) °C, calorific value ((39.857)-(39.137)-(39.095)-(39.508) MJ kg-1, flash point (160)-(150)-(180)-(180)°C, water content (398)-(386)-(206)-(243) mg kg-1, colour (ASTM D1500) (<0.5)-(<0.5)-(<0.5)-(1.2), copper strip corrosion were determined as (1a) in all fuels. revealing that only the kinematic viscosity values of refined safflower oil biodiesel and waste crude safflower oil biodiesel exceeded the standard specified in EN 14214 for biodiesels derived from safflower crude oil, refined oil, and their waste frying oils, while the other fuel properties were found to be within the established standards.

Keywords

Biodiesel, fuel properties, safflower oil, waste oil

Aspir Yağları ve Aspir Atık Yağlarından Elde Edilen Biyodizellerin Yakıt Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) ham ve rafine yağlarından üretilen biyodizellerin ve bu yağların kızartmada kullanımı sonucu elde kalan atık aspir ham yağı ile atık aspir rafine yağlarından üretilen biyodizellerin yakıt analizleri yapılmıştır. Aspir; ham yağdan, rafine yağdan, atık ham yağdan ve rafine atık yağlardan üretilen biyodizellerin sırasıyla; 15°C deki yoğunluğu (883,2)-(896,3)-(889,8)-(877,9) kg m-3, 40°C deki kinematik viskozitesi (4,57)-(5,55)-(5,72)-(4,86) mm2s-1, soğuk filtre tıkanma noktası (SFTN) (-8), (-9), (-12), (-11) °C, ısıl değeri (39,857)-(39,137)-(39,095)-(39,508) MJ kg-1, parlama noktası (160)-(150)-(180)-(180)°C, su içeriği (398)-(386)-(206)-(243) mg kg-1, renk (ASTM D1500) (<0,5)-(<0,5)-(<0,5)-(1,2), bakır şerit korozyon bütün yakıtlarda (1a) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; aspir ham yağı, rafine yağı ve bunların atık kızartma yağlarından yapılan biyodizellerin EN 14214 standardına göre sadece rafine aspir yağı biyodizeli ve atık ham aspir yağı biyodizellerinin kinematik viskozite değerlerinin yüksek çıktığı, diğer yapılan analizlerde standartlar içinde olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Aspir yağı, Atık yağ, Biyodizel, Yakıt özellikleri

References

• Almeida, V. F., García-Moreno, P. J., Guadix, A., and Guadix, E. M. 2015. Biodiesel production from mixtures of waste fish oil, palm oil and waste frying oil: Optimization of fuel properties. Fuel Processing Technology, 133, 152-160.
• Anonymous. 2023a. FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations Statistics Division. http://www.fao.org. (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous. (2023b). https://www.selcuk.edu.tr/Birim/Bolum/fen_bilimleri_enstitusu-tarla_bitkileri/16210/tescilli-cesitler-/48409# (access date: 16.03.2023).
• Anonymous. 2023c. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/ttae/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=37 (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous. 2023d. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/ttae/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=188 (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous.2023e.https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/bahridagdas/Belgeler/cesitler1/aspir%20çeşitleri/KOÇ(ASPİR).pdf (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous. 2023f. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/gaptaem/Menu/66/Aspir-Cesidimiz (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous. 2023g. https://www.isparta.edu.tr/haber/7998/isubunun-buyuk-basarisi-turk-tarimina-uc-yerli-aspir-cesidi-kazandirdik (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous. 2023h. Türkiye Tarım İstatistikleri. Bitkisel Üretim. 2019. www.tuik.gov.tr. (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Anonymous. 2023k. https://www.utektohum.com/türler (access date: 15.03.2023).
• Arslan, B., Çakır H. and Culpan E. 2019. Comparison of Newly Developed Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Varieties in Terms of Some Characteristics. 2nd International May 19 Congress of Innovative Scientific Approaches. Applied Sciences. S:113-121
• Arslan, H. and Güler, D. 2022. The Effect of Different Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). ISPEC Journal of Agr. Sciences 6 (2), 294-306.
• Baran, N. and Andırman, M. 2019. Effect of Different Sowing Time Applications on Yield and Yield Components of Some Safflower (Carhamus tinctorius) Varieties under Batman Ecological Conditions. Turkiye 13th National, 1st International Field Crops Congress, November 01-04, 2019, pp: 92-99, Antalya.
• Baydar, H. and Turgut, İ. 1993. Studies on the Cultivation Possibilities of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Antalya Conditions. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 5: (1-2), 75-92.
• Baydar, H. and Erbaş, S. 2020. Our Native and National Safflower Varieties: Olein, Zirkon and Safir. Journal of Faculty of Agriculture Turkey 13th National, I. International Field Crops Congress Special Issue :233-237.
• Eryılmaz, T., Yeşilyurt, M.K., Cesur, C., Yumak, H., Aydın, E., Çelik, S.A. and Yıldız, A.K. 2014. Determination of fuel properties of biodiesel produced from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Dincer species grown in Yozgat province conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University. 31 (1), 63-72.
• Falızı, J. 2019. Utilization of Wastewater Treated By Membrane Bioreactor (Mbr) Process in Safflower Cultıvation and investigatıon of Biodiesel Production From Safflower Harvested. PhD thesis, Ege University, Turkiye
• İlkdoğan, U. 2012. Necessary Conditions and Policies for Safflower Production in Turkey. Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Economics, PhD thesis, Ankara University, Türkiye
• Işık, M., Aydın, H., Yücel, H.L., Budak, N., Oktay, H. and Bayındır, H. 2016. Investigation Of The Safflower And Canola Biodiesel Usage Effects On Exhaust Emissions And Engine Performance. The Journal of Global Engineering Studies, 2016, 3.1: 1-11.
• Kayaçetin, F., Katar, D. and Arslan, Y. 2012. Flower Structure and Biology of Fertilization of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute,. 21 (2) :75-80.
• Koç, H. 2019. Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Evaluation of Safflower Cultivars in Terms of Yield and Oil Ratio under Different Precipitation. Turkish Journal Of Agrıcultural and Natural Scıences 6(3): 518–526.
• Knothe, G. and Steidley, K.R. 2005. Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel components and related compounds. Influence of compound structure and comparison to petrodiesel fuel components, Fuel 84 (2005) 1059–1065.
• Öğüt, H., Oğuz, H., Bacak, S., Mengeş, H.O., Köse, A. and Eryılmaz, T. 2012. Investigation of the Characteristics of Biodiesel from Balci Species of Safflower. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, 8(3): 297-300.
• Sefaoğlu, F., 2022. Aspir Yetiştiriciliği, İhtisaslaşma Sahası Kitap Serileri, Kastamonu.