Beee Deaths İn The Uludere Regıon Of Şırnak Provınce Investıgatıon Wıth Real Tıme RT PCR

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 260 - 266, 28.01.2024

Mehmet Ali Kutlu , Metin Gürçay , Ahmet Sait , Mustafa Türkdoğan , Merve Demir

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1356706

Abstract

Today, 25 virus species are known to infect honey bees (Apis mellifera). As a result of the transmission of these viruses to honey bees in different ways, some of them show high pathogenicity, while a significant part of them are found in colonies without causing disease, but under some special conditions, they cause disease symptoms and losses. Therefore, in the pathogenesis of honey bee viruses, virus, host (life stage of the honey bee) and environmental factors must be considered together. In this study, dead adult bee samples were collected from Yemişli, Ortaköy, Andaç and Dapdibi regions after bee deaths were observed in honey bee colonies with intense Varroa destructor infestation raised in Uludere district of Şırnak province. RNA was extracted from samples obtained from honey bee pools created based on the regions where these adult honey bee samples were taken. The presence of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (AAPV), Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (KAPV) and Deformed Wing Virus (DKV) specific RNA presence was investigated in the RNA samples obtained by Real-Time RT-PCR. As a result of the research, although the presence of AAPV and KAPV RNA was detected in the adult, dead honey bee samples obtained from Yemişli, Ortaköy, Andaç and Dapdibi regions of Uludere district of Şırnak province, the presence of DKV RNA could not be detected. According to these results, it was concluded that AAPV and KAPV infections may occur in honey bees due to environmental effects, Varroa destructor infestation, and the co-infection of several viruses in colonies and the increase in the intensity of these effects, affecting them together, may cause bee deaths in colonies.

Keywords

Şırnak/Uludere, honey bee deaths, honey bee viruses

Şırnak İlinin Uludere Yöresinde Görülen Arı Ölümlerinin Real Time RT-PCR İle Araştırılması

Abstract

Günümüzde 25 civarında virus türünün bal arılarını (Apis mellifera) enfekte ettiği bilinmektedir. Bu virusların bal arılarına değişik şekillerde bulaşması sonucunda bir kısmı yüksek patojenite gösterirken önemli bir bölümünün kolonilerde hastalık oluşturmadan (gizli) bulunduğu, ancak bazı özel şartlar altında hastalık bulguları ve kayıplara neden olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bal arısı viruslarının patogenezinde virus, konakçı (Bal arısının yaşam evresi) ve çevre faktörlerinin beraber ele alınması gerekir. Bu çalışmada Şırnak ili Uludere ilçesinde yetiştirilen, yoğun Varroa destructor invasiyonu olan bal arı kolonilerinde, arı ölümlerinin görülmesi üzerine Yemişli, Ortaköy, Andaç ve Dapdibi bölgelerinden ölü ergin arı numuneleri sağlandı. Bu ergin bal arısı numuneleri alındıkları bölgeler esas alınarak oluşturulan bal arısı havuzlarında ezilerek, elde edilen doku ekstraklarından RNA izolasyonları yapıldı. RNA izolatlarından Real-Time RT PCR test ile Akut Arı Paraliz Virusu (AAPV), Kronik Arı Paraliz Virusu (KAPV) ve Deforme Kanat Virusu (DKV) RNA varlıkları araştırıldı. Araştırma sonucunda Şırnak ili Uludere ilçesi Yemişli, Ortaköy, Andaç ve Dapdibi bölgelerinden sağlanan ergin, ölü bal arısı numunelerinden AAPV ve KAPV RNA varlığı tespit edilmesine rağmen DKV RNA varlığı tespit edilememiştir. Yapılan tespitte koloni kayıplarında yoğun olarak Varroa destructor invasyonu sebep olduğu, AAPV ve KAPV etmenlerin de koloninin bağışıklık düzeyini olumsuz etkilediği ve bu kayıpları tetiklediği görülmüştür.

Keywords

Uludere, Arı ölümleri, Arı virüsleri

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