Domateste Botrytis cinerea'nın kontrolünde antagonistler: Olası inhibitörlerin moleküler bağlanma üzerine in vitro değerlendirme ve in silico tarama

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 870 - 886, 23.07.2025

Tuba Genç Kesimci , Mustafa Akbaba , Serap Demirel

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1619273

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Botrytis cinerea patojenine karşı Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma harzianum ve Bacillus mojavensis aday antagonistlerinin antifungal etkilerini ve aday antagonistlerinin karşılıklı etkileşimlerini, moleküler bağlanma analiziyle de in vitro ve in silico etkileşimlerini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada aday antagonist uygulamalarının B. cinerea M2-1 izolatının misel gelişimi üzerine etkilerine bakıldığında % 56 oranı ile en etkili izolatın T. harzianum C7-3 olduğu, bu izolatı %32 oranı ile B. mojavensis K193 ve %26 oranı ile C. rosea C6-4 izolatlarının takip ettiği belirlenmiştir. Aday antagonist izolatlarının karşılıklı etkileşimleri değerlendirildiğinde T. harzianum’un C. rosea’nın misel gelişimini kontrole oranla azalttığı belirlenmiştir. T. harzianum × B. mojavensis eşleştirilmesinde fungal antagonistin misel gelişimi bakteriyel izolat ile karşılaştıkları hatta bakteriyel izolat tarafından engellenmiştir. C. rosea × B. mojavensis eşleştirmesinde C. rosea’nın yavaş gelişimi değerlendirilen süre sonunda bakteriyel izolat ile karşılaşmamasına neden olmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca patojen ve aday antagonistlerin domates tohumlarının (cv. Süper) kök ve sürgün uzunluğu ölçülmüş ve çimlenme yüzdeleri hesaplanmıştır. C. rosea (3,09 cm) ve B. mojavensis (3,57 cm) izolatları tohumların sürgün gelişimlerini, B. mojavensis K193 izolatı (4,02 cm) tohumların kök gelişimini, T. harzianum C7-3 izolatı ise tohumların çimlenme yüzdesini (%86,7) kontrole oranla artırmıştır. Moleküler bağlanma bulguları, T. harzianum'dan elde edilen ligandların kombinasyonunun, patojenite ve virülanslıkla ilişkili proteinleri inhibe veya modifiye ederek B. cinerea'ya karşı antifungal etkinliği sinerjik bir şekilde artırabileceğini göstermiştir. In silico çalışma sonuçları, T. harzianum kaynaklı metabolitlerin B. cinerea proteinleri üzerindeki etkilerini ve etkileşimlerini doğrulamak için daha fazla laboratuvar araştırmasına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Gri küf hastalığı , Clonostachys rosea , Trichoderma harzianum , Bacillus mojavensis , moleküler bağlanma

Antagonists for the Control of Botrytis cinerea in Tomatoes: An In Vitro Evaluation and In Silico Screening By Molecular Docking of Possible Inhibitors

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the antifungal effects of candidate antagonists Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma harzianum, and Bacillus mojavensis against Botrytis cinerea pathogen and to examine their interactions under in vitro conditions and in silico examine by molecular docking. The effects of candidate antagonist applications on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea M2-1 isolate showed that the most effective isolate was T. harzianum C7-3 (56%) followed by B. mojavensis K193 (32%) and C. rosea C6-4 (26%). When evaluating the interactions between the candidate antagonist isolates, it was determined that T. harzianum and B. mojavensis reduced the mycelial growth of C. rosea compared to the control. In the T. harzianum × B. mojavensis combination, the fungal antagonist’s mycelial growth was inhibited when in contact with the bacterial isolate. Additionally, the effects of candidate antagonists on the root and shoot length of tomato seeds (cv. Super) were measured, and germination percentages were calculated. Clonostachys rosea (3.09 cm) and B. mojavensis (3.57 cm) promoted root development, while B. mojavensis K193 (4.02 cm) enhanced shoot development, and T. harzianum C7-3 improved seed germination percentage (86.7%) compared to the control. The molecular docking findings demonstrated that the combination of ligands from T. harzianum could synergistically enhance antifungal efficacy against B. cinerea by inhibiting or modifying proteins associated with pathogenicity and virulence. Result of in silico study highlighted the necessity for more laboratory research to validate the impact of T. harzianum-derived metabolites on the proteins of B. cinerea and their interactions.

Keywords

Gray mold disease , Clonostachys rosea , Trichoderma harzianum , Bacillus mojavensis , molecular docking

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