Household Level Analysis of Rural-to-Urban Migration in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 596 - 612, 23.07.2025

Gülistan Erdal , Adnan Çiçek , Hilmi Erdal , Rüştü Yayar , Bekir Ayyıldız

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1667417

Abstract

This study employs micro-scale field research to explore the migration tendencies of the rural population in Türkiye, their attitudes toward agriculture, the structural characteristics of agricultural enterprises, and potential future dynamics. It also aims to examine the link between rural residents and agricultural activity. Data were collected through surveys conducted in 2,398 households across 224 villages/neighborhoods in 27 provinces. Findings indicate that approximately 67% of these locations are characterized as “out-migration areas.” The trend is especially pronounced in the Middle East (94.4%) and Central North (92.3%) regions, whereas the Mediterranean region (55.6%) exhibits a relatively higher rate of in-migration. Despite these migration trends, 79.7% of household heads reported no intention to leave their village or neighborhood, whereas 16.7% expressed a desire to migrate. However, many household heads stated that their children are more likely to consider migration. The primary motivation for those wishing to relocate is low income. These individuals typically prefer to move to the provincial or district centers and intend to do so with their entire families. Conversely, those choosing to remain cited reasons such as land ownership responsibilities, the high cost of living in urban areas, and a strong emotional attachment to rural life. The results of this study provide critical insights into the underlying drivers and outcomes of rural-to-urban migration. They offer valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to sustain agricultural production and mitigate migration through targeted, realistic strategies.

Keywords

Rural , Rural Migration , Household , Agriculture

Ethical Statement

The research protocol was approved by the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of Ondokuz Mayıs University under decision no. 310, dated 20.11.2018.

Project Number

TUBITAK -1001 /119 K 769

Thanks

This study was produced from the Research Project numbered TUBITAK -1001 /119 K 769. We would like to thank TUBITAK for their support.

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