BİLECİK İLİNDEN TOPLANAN ARI POLENLERİNİN BOTANİK ORİJİNLERİ İLE TOPLAM FENOLİK VE FLAVONOİD İÇERİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 152 - 160, 12.11.2019

Nazlı Mayda Merve Keskin Şaban Keskin Aslı Özkök

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.605692

Cited By: 7

Öz

Bitki
polenleri, yüksek protein içeriği ile bal arılarının temel besin kaynaklarından
biridir. Bal arıları çiçek ziyaretleri sırasında bitki polenlerini toplayarak
kovana getirmektedirler. Yüksek besinsel ve kimyasal içeriği sayesinde birçok
terapötik etkiye sahip olan arı poleni insan beslenmesinde de önemli bir gıda
takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, kovan girişlerine takılan polen
tuzakları ile arıların bacaklarındaki polen peletleri toplanmakta ve tüketiciye
sunulmaktadır. Arı poleninin içeriği, başta botanik orijin olmak üzere toplandığı
bölgenin iklimi, coğrafi özellikleri, toplanma şekli ve arının türüne bağlı
olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Bilecik ilinin 5 farklı
bölgesinden toplanmış arı poleni örneklerinin botanik orijinleri ile birlikte
toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri belirlenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır.
Sonuç olarak arı poleni örneklerinin 19 familya, 28 farklı taksona ait bitki
poleni içerdiği saptanmış, bir bölge hariç diğer bölgelerde Fabaceae
familyasının dominant olarak bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. Örneklerin Toplam fenolik
içeriği 9,27±0,05-18,37±0,06 mg GAE/g;
toplam flavonoid içerikleri ise 3,16±0,0-6,42±0,06
mg KE/g arasında değişmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arı poleni, botanik orijin, toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonid içeriği

Determination of Botanic Origins, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Bee Pollen Collected from the Bilecik Province

Öz

Plant pollen is one of the main nutritional sources of honey bees, which has high protein content.
Honey bees collect plant pollen during flower visits and bring it back to the hive. Due to its high
nutritional content, bee pollen, which has many therapeutic effects, is also used as an important food
supplement in human nutrition. Because of this, pollen traps are attached to the hive enterance and
the pollen loads from honey bee legs are collected and provided for human consumption. The content
of bee pollen varies mainly depending on botanical origin, climate, geographical characteristics, and
type of bee collecting it. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of bee pollen samples,
collected from 5 different regions of the Bilecik province, were determined and compared. As a result,
it was found that bee pollen samples contained 19 families and 28 different plant taxa. The Fabaceae
family was the most dominant, except for one region. 

Kaynakça

• Abarca, N. A., da Graça Campos, M., Reyes, J. A. Á., Jiménez, N. N., Corral, J. H., Valdez, L. S. G. 2004. Variability of antioxidant activity among honeybee-collected pollen of different botanical origin. Interciencia, 29(10): 574-578.
• Almeida-Muradian, L., Pamplona, L. C., Coimbra, S. l., Barth, O. M. 2005. Chemical composition and botanical evaluation of dried bee pollen pellets. Journal of food composition and analysis, 18(1): 105-111.
• Barth, O., Munhoz, M., Luz, C. 2009. Botanical origin of Apis pollen loads using colour, weight and pollen morphology data. Acta Alimentaria, 38(1): 133-139.
• Barth, O. M., Freitas, A. S., Oliveira, É. S., Silva, R. A., Maester, F. M., Andrella, R. R., Cardozo, G. M. 2010. Evaluation of the botanical origin of commercial dry bee pollen load batches using pollen analysis: a proposal for technical standardization. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 82(4): 893-902.
• Baublis, A., Clydesdale, F., Decker, E. 2000. Antioxidants in wheat-based breakfast cereals. Cereal Foods World.
• Baydar, H., Gürel, F. 1998. Antalya doğal florasında bal arısı (Apis mellifera)’nın polen toplama aktivitesi, polen tercihi ve farklı polen tiplerinin morfolojik ve kalite özellikleri. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry, 22(1998): 475-482.
• BEBKA. Bilecik Retrieved from https://www.bebka.org.tr/admin/datas/yayins/197/2018-12-doga-bilecik-l_1545052305.pdf (acces date 15.08.19).
• T.C. Bilecik Valiliği. Retrieved from http://www.bilecik.gov.tr/cografi-yapi (acces date 15.08.19).
• Campos, M., Markham, K., Proença da Cunha, A. 1997. Quality assessment of bee-pollens using flavonoid/phenolic profiles. Polyphenol Communications, 96, 53-54.
• Campos, M. G. R., Frigerio, C., Lopes, J., Bogdanov, S. 2010. What is the future of Bee-Pollen. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science, 2(4): 131-144.
• Cengiz, M. M. 2013. Doğal Mera Alanlarının Arıcılık ve Organik Bal Üretimi Açısından Önemi. Araştirma, 13.
• Chanda, S., Dudhatra, S., Kaneria, M. 2010. Antioxidative and antibacterial effects of seeds and fruit rind of nutraceutical plants belonging to the Fabaceae family. Food & function, 1(3): 308-315.
• Cook, N. C., Samman, S. 1996. Flavonoids—chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 7(2): 66-76.
• Corvucci, F., Nobili, L., Melucci, D., Grillenzoni, F.V. 2015. The discrimination of honey origin using melissopalynology and Raman spectroscopy techniques coupled with multivariate analysis. Food chemistry, 169, 297-304.
• D'Albore, G. R. 1997. Textbook of melissopalynology: Apimondia.
• De Novais, J. S., Cristina Lima e Lima, L., De Assis Ribeiro dos Santos, F. 2009. Botanical affinity of pollen harvested by Apis mellifera L. in a semi-arid area from Bahia, Brazil. Grana, 48(3): 224-234.
• Deveci, M., Cinbirtoğlu, Ş., Demirkol, G. 2015. İlkbahar dönemi bitkileri ve arıcılıkta polen kaynağı bakımından önemi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 4(1): 1-12.
• Di Pasquale, G., Salignon, M., Le Conte, Y., Belzunces, L. P., Decourtye, A., Kretzschmar, A., Alaux, C. 2013. Influence of pollen nutrition on honey bee health: do pollen quality and diversity matter? PloS one, 8(8): e72016.
• Erdtman, G. 1969. Handbook of palynology: morphology, taxonomy, ecology.
• Estevinho, L. M., Rodrigues, S., Pereira, A. P., Feás, X. 2012. Portuguese bee pollen: palynological study, nutritional and microbiological evaluation. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 47(2): 429-435.
• Faegri, K., Iversen, J., Kaland, P. E., & Krzywinski, K. 1989. Textbook of pollen analysis. Caldwell. In: NJ: Blackburn Press.
• Fatrcová-Šramková, K., Nôžková, J., Kačániová, M., Máriássyová, M., Rovná, K., Stričík, M. 2013. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of monofloral bee pollen. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 48(2): 133-138.
• Fukumoto, L., Mazza, G. 2000. Assessing antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 48(8): 3597-3604.
• Han, X., Shen, T., Lou, H. 2007. Dietary polyphenols and their biological significance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 8(9): 950-988.
• Heimler, D., Vignolini, P., Dini, M. G., Vincieri, F. F., Romani, A. 2006. Antiradical activity and polyphenol composition of local Brassicaceae edible varieties. Food chemistry, 99(3): 464-469.
• Markgraf, V., D'Antoni, H. L. 1978. Pollen flora of Argentina: modern spore and pollen types of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and Angiospermae.
• Modro, A. F., Silva, I. C., Luz, C. F. 2009. Analysis of pollen load based on color, physicochemical composition and botanical source. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 81(2): 281-285.
• Morais, M., Moreira, L., Feás, X., Estevinho, L. M. 2011. Honeybee-collected pollen from five Portuguese Natural Parks: Palynological origin, phenolic content, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(5): 1096-1101.
• Mullins, J., Emberlin, J. 1997. Sampling pollens. Journal of Aerosol Science, 28(3): 365-370.
• Nagai, T., Nagashima, T., Suzuki, N., Inoue, R. 2005. Antioxidant activity and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition by enzymatic hydrolysates from bee bread. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 60(1-2): 133-138.
• Nieto, S., Garrido, A., Sanhueza, J., Loyola, L. A., Morales, G., Leighton, F., Valenzuela, A. 1993. Flavonoids as stabilizers of fish oil: an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 70(8): 773-778.
• Nisbet, C., Güler, A., Yarım, G. F., Cenesiz, S., Ardalı, Y. 2013. Çevre ve flora kaynaklarının arı ürünlerinin mineral madde içerikleri ile ilişkisi. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry/Turk Biyokimya Dergisi, 38(4).
• Özgür, E. M. (2018). Bilecik İlinde Şekerpancarı Tarımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2).
• Pernal, S. F., Currie, R. W. 2001. The influence of pollen quality on foraging behavior in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 51(1): 53-68.
• Rzepecka-Stojko, A., Stojko, J., Kurek-Górecka, A., Górecki, M., Kabała-Dzik, A., Kubina, R., Buszman, E. 2015. Polyphenols from bee pollen: structure, absorption, metabolism and biological activity. Molecules, 20(12): 21732-21749.
• Sacchi, C. F., Price, P. W. 1988. Pollination of the arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis: role of insects and wind. American Journal of Botany, 75(9): 1387-1393.
• Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology, Vol. 299, 152-178. Elsevier.
• Singleton, V. L., Rossi, J. A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158.
• Sivritepe, N. 2000. Asma, üzüm ve şaraptaki antioksidantlar. Gıda. Dünya Yayınları, 12, 73-78.
• Sorkun, K. 2008. Türkiye'nin nektarlı bitkileri, polenleri ve balları: Palme Yayıncılık.
• Št’astná, P., Klimeš, L., Klimešová, J. 2010. Biological flora of Central Europe: Rumex alpinus L. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12(1): 67-79.
• Thorp, R. W. (1979). Structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations of bees (Apoidea) for collecting pollen. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 788-812.
• Tohamy, A. A., Abdella, E. M., Ahmed, R. R., Ahmed, Y. K. 2014. Assessment of anti-mutagenic, anti-histopathologic and antioxidant capacities of Egyptian bee pollen and propolis extracts. Cytotechnology, 66(2): 283-297.
• Tormo Molina, R., Silva Palacios, I., Muñoz RodrÍguez, A. F., Tavira Muñoz, J., Moreno Corchero, A. 2001. Environmental factors affecting airborne pollen concentration in anemophilous species of Plantago. Annals of Botany, 87(1): 1-8.
• Türe, C., Böcük, H. 2009. Analysis of airborne pollen grains in Bilecik, Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 151(1-4): 27-35.
• Türe, C., Tokur, S. 2000. The Flora of the Forest Series of Yirce-Bürmece-Kömürsu and Muratdere (Bilecik-Bursa, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 24(1): 47-66. Wodehouse, R. P. 1935. Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine.
• Wodehouse, R. P. 1935. Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine