Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications

Gökçe Ulaş; Zehra Gün Gök; Ayfer Koyuncu; Beste Çağdaş

doi:10.29137/ijerad.1749871

EN

Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications

Abstract

In this study, gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles (G-ZnONPs) were synthesized as antibacterial agents for polymeric materials using gelatin as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. G-ZnONPs were produced by heating Zn(NO3)2 with 2% gelatin under alkaline conditions, resulting in stable nanoparticles characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). UV-Vis analysis revealed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 360 nm, confirming Zn ion reduction by gelatin. The zeta potential and average size of G-ZnONPs were measured at -15.9±0.7 mV and 215.97±4.02 nm, respectively. FTIR confirmed Zn-O formation and gelatin encapsulation, while SEM and TEM images showed spherical morphology. EDS analysis detected Zn peaks, and XRD confirmed the hexagonal ZnO crystal structure. TGA demonstrated increased residual mass at 950 ºC, indicating ZnO formation. Antibacterial tests showed G-ZnONPs effectively inhibited Staphylococcus aureus growth, demonstrating stronger activity against gram-positive bacteria. Cytotoxicity testing on L929 fibroblasts revealed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability at higher G-ZnONP concentrations. Overall, this simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly synthesis method yielded stable ZnONP solutions, suggesting significant potential for antimicrobial applications in biomedical and material science fields.

Keywords

Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, gelatin, green synthesis, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide nanoparticles.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Biomaterial

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gökçe Ulaş
0009-0002-0424-6991
Türkiye

Zehra Gün Gök ^*
0000-0001-6426-0395
Türkiye

Ayfer Koyuncu
0000-0003-3521-8774
Türkiye

Beste Çağdaş
0000-0003-2534-382X
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 31, 2026

Submission Date

July 25, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 18 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29137/ijerad.1749871

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA28LT57NR

APA

Ulaş, G., Gün Gök, Z., Koyuncu, A., & Çağdaş, B. (2026). Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 18(4), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.29137/ijerad.1749871

AMA

1.Ulaş G, Gün Gök Z, Koyuncu A, Çağdaş B. Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications. IJERAD. 2026;18(4):137-155. doi:10.29137/ijerad.1749871

Chicago

Ulaş, Gökçe, Zehra Gün Gök, Ayfer Koyuncu, and Beste Çağdaş. 2026. “Simple Synthesis of Multifunctional Gelatin-Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Applications”. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development 18 (4): 137-55. https://doi.org/10.29137/ijerad.1749871.

EndNote

Ulaş G, Gün Gök Z, Koyuncu A, Çağdaş B (July 1, 2026) Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development 18 4 137–155.

IEEE

[1]G. Ulaş, Z. Gün Gök, A. Koyuncu, and B. Çağdaş, “Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications”, IJERAD, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 137–155, July 2026, doi: 10.29137/ijerad.1749871.

ISNAD

Ulaş, Gökçe - Gün Gök, Zehra - Koyuncu, Ayfer - Çağdaş, Beste. “Simple Synthesis of Multifunctional Gelatin-Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Applications”. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development 18/4 (July 1, 2026): 137-155. https://doi.org/10.29137/ijerad.1749871.

JAMA

1.Ulaş G, Gün Gök Z, Koyuncu A, Çağdaş B. Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications. IJERAD. 2026;18:137–155.

MLA

Ulaş, Gökçe, et al. “Simple Synthesis of Multifunctional Gelatin-Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Applications”. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 18, no. 4, July 2026, pp. 137-55, doi:10.29137/ijerad.1749871.

Vancouver

1.Gökçe Ulaş, Zehra Gün Gök, Ayfer Koyuncu, Beste Çağdaş. Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications. IJERAD. 2026 Jul. 1;18(4):137-55. doi:10.29137/ijerad.1749871

Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, 71450 Yahşihan / Kırıkkale, Türkiye.

ijerad@kku.edu.tr

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Simple synthesis of multifunctional gelatin-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles for potential applications

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