The fuel properties of methyl esters produced from canola oil- animal tallow blends by basecatalyzed transesterification
Yıl 2010,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 2 - 5, 15.06.2010
Şehmus Altun
,
Fevzi Yaşar
,
Cengiz Öner
Öz
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oil or animal fats by transesterification with methanol for using in diesel engines. The viscosity and density of biodiesel fuels are important parameters due to being key fuel properties for injection and combustion process of diesel engines. These fuel properties mainly depend on the feedstock which is used in the biodiesel production. In this study, the blends containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of food-grade canola oil/inedible animal tallow in volume basis were prepared and converted into methyl esters by base-catalyzed transesterification. Effect of inedible animal tallow-canola oil blends on the viscosity and density of methyl esters were investigated. Experimental results showed that the kinematics viscosity of methyl esters increased as animal tallow ratio increased in the feedstock. Besides, it was observed that density did not change much.
Kaynakça
- [1] Meher, L.C. Vidya Sagar, D. Naik, S.N. “Technical aspects of biodiesel
production by transesterification—a review”, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews. 10, 248–268, 2006.
[2] Srivastava, A. Prasad, R. “Triglycerides-based diesel fuels”, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 4, 111-133, 2000.
[3] Özsezen, A.N. Çanakçı, M. and Sayın, C. “Effects of Biodiesel from
Used Frying Palm Oil on the Exhaust Emissions of an Indirect Injection
(IDI) Diesel Engine”, Energy & Fuels. 22, 2796–2804, 2008.
[4] Öner, C. Altun, Ş. “Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow
and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct
injection diesel engine”, Applied Energy, 86, 2114–2120, 2009.
[5] Yamık, H. İçingür, Y. “Bir dizel motorunda ayçiçek yağı esterlernin
yakıt olarak kullanılmasının performans ve emisyonlara etkisi”,
Teknoloji, 11(3), 201-209, 2008.. (in Turkish).
[6] Özsezen, A.N. Çanakçı, M. and Sayın, C. “Effects of Biodiesel from
Used Frying Palm Oil on the Performance, Injection, and Combustion
Characteristics of an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine”, Energy & Fuels,
22, 1297–1305, 2008.
[7] Lin, B-F. Huang, J-H, and Huang, D-Y. “Effects of Biodiesel from Palm
Kernel Oil on the Engine Performance, Exhaust Emissions, and
Combustion Characteristics of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine”, Energy
& Fuels, 22, 4229–4234, 2008.
[8] Krahl, J. Bünger, J. Schröder, O. Munack, A. and Knothe, G. “Exhaust
Emissions and Health Effects of Particulate Matter from Agricultural
Tractors Operating on Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester”, JAOCS, 79 (7), 717-
724, 2002.
[9] Lapuerta, M. Armas, O. Ballesterosa, R. Fernandez, J. “Diesel emissions
from biofuels derived from Spanish potential vegetable oils”, Fuel, 84,
773–780, 2005.
[10] Demirbaş, A. “ Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel”, Energy
Policy, 35, 4661–4670, 2007.
[11] Çanakçı, M. Şanlı, H. “Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and
their effects on the fuel properties”, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 35:431–
441, 2008.
[12] Lapuerta, M. Rodrıguez-Fernandez, J. Oliva, F. and Canoira, L.
“Biodiesel from Low-Grade Animal Fats: Diesel Engine Performance
and Emissions”, Energy & Fuels. 23, 121–129, 2009.
[13] Canoira, L. Rodrıguez-Gamero, M. Querol, E. Alcantara, R. Lapuerta,
M. and Oliva, F. “Biodiesel from Low-Grade Animal Fat: Production
Process Assessment and Biodiesel Properties Characterization”, Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 7997–8004, 2008.
[14] Taravus, S. Temur, H and Yartaşı, A. “Alkali-Catalyzed Biodiesel
Production from Mixtures of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow”, Energy &
Fuels, 23 (8), 4112–4115, 2009.
[15] Issariyakul, T. Kulkarni, M.G. Meher, L.C. Dalai, A.K. Bakhshi, N.N.
“Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil”,
Chemical Engineering Journal, 140, 77–85, 2008.
[16] Moser, B.R. “Influence of Blending Canola, Palm, Soybean, and
Sunflower Oil Methyl Esters on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel”, Energy &
Fuels, 22, 4301–4306. 2008.
[17] Ali, Y. Hanna, M.A. and Cuppett, S.L. “Fuel Properties of Tallow and
Soybean Oil Esters”, JAOCS, 72 (12), 1557-1564, 1995.
[18] İlgen, O. et al. “Investigation of Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil
using Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Catalysts”, Turk J Chem, 31,509–514, 2007.
Yıl 2010,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 2 - 5, 15.06.2010
Şehmus Altun
,
Fevzi Yaşar
,
Cengiz Öner
Kaynakça
- [1] Meher, L.C. Vidya Sagar, D. Naik, S.N. “Technical aspects of biodiesel
production by transesterification—a review”, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews. 10, 248–268, 2006.
[2] Srivastava, A. Prasad, R. “Triglycerides-based diesel fuels”, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 4, 111-133, 2000.
[3] Özsezen, A.N. Çanakçı, M. and Sayın, C. “Effects of Biodiesel from
Used Frying Palm Oil on the Exhaust Emissions of an Indirect Injection
(IDI) Diesel Engine”, Energy & Fuels. 22, 2796–2804, 2008.
[4] Öner, C. Altun, Ş. “Biodiesel production from inedible animal tallow
and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct
injection diesel engine”, Applied Energy, 86, 2114–2120, 2009.
[5] Yamık, H. İçingür, Y. “Bir dizel motorunda ayçiçek yağı esterlernin
yakıt olarak kullanılmasının performans ve emisyonlara etkisi”,
Teknoloji, 11(3), 201-209, 2008.. (in Turkish).
[6] Özsezen, A.N. Çanakçı, M. and Sayın, C. “Effects of Biodiesel from
Used Frying Palm Oil on the Performance, Injection, and Combustion
Characteristics of an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine”, Energy & Fuels,
22, 1297–1305, 2008.
[7] Lin, B-F. Huang, J-H, and Huang, D-Y. “Effects of Biodiesel from Palm
Kernel Oil on the Engine Performance, Exhaust Emissions, and
Combustion Characteristics of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine”, Energy
& Fuels, 22, 4229–4234, 2008.
[8] Krahl, J. Bünger, J. Schröder, O. Munack, A. and Knothe, G. “Exhaust
Emissions and Health Effects of Particulate Matter from Agricultural
Tractors Operating on Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester”, JAOCS, 79 (7), 717-
724, 2002.
[9] Lapuerta, M. Armas, O. Ballesterosa, R. Fernandez, J. “Diesel emissions
from biofuels derived from Spanish potential vegetable oils”, Fuel, 84,
773–780, 2005.
[10] Demirbaş, A. “ Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel”, Energy
Policy, 35, 4661–4670, 2007.
[11] Çanakçı, M. Şanlı, H. “Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and
their effects on the fuel properties”, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 35:431–
441, 2008.
[12] Lapuerta, M. Rodrıguez-Fernandez, J. Oliva, F. and Canoira, L.
“Biodiesel from Low-Grade Animal Fats: Diesel Engine Performance
and Emissions”, Energy & Fuels. 23, 121–129, 2009.
[13] Canoira, L. Rodrıguez-Gamero, M. Querol, E. Alcantara, R. Lapuerta,
M. and Oliva, F. “Biodiesel from Low-Grade Animal Fat: Production
Process Assessment and Biodiesel Properties Characterization”, Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 7997–8004, 2008.
[14] Taravus, S. Temur, H and Yartaşı, A. “Alkali-Catalyzed Biodiesel
Production from Mixtures of Sunflower Oil and Beef Tallow”, Energy &
Fuels, 23 (8), 4112–4115, 2009.
[15] Issariyakul, T. Kulkarni, M.G. Meher, L.C. Dalai, A.K. Bakhshi, N.N.
“Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil”,
Chemical Engineering Journal, 140, 77–85, 2008.
[16] Moser, B.R. “Influence of Blending Canola, Palm, Soybean, and
Sunflower Oil Methyl Esters on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel”, Energy &
Fuels, 22, 4301–4306. 2008.
[17] Ali, Y. Hanna, M.A. and Cuppett, S.L. “Fuel Properties of Tallow and
Soybean Oil Esters”, JAOCS, 72 (12), 1557-1564, 1995.
[18] İlgen, O. et al. “Investigation of Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil
using Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Catalysts”, Turk J Chem, 31,509–514, 2007.