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ÇEÇENİSTAN RUSYA GERGİNLİĞİNDE RUS MEDYASI: KUZEY OSETYA BESLAN OKUL KUŞATMASI ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 13, 7 - 38, 01.05.2012

Öz

Bugün Rusya Federasyonu’nda demokratik kurumlar mevcuttur, ancak bukurumların ne kadar demokratik işlevler üstlendiği tartışmaya açıktır. Demokratikbir toplumda hayati bir rol üstlenen medya bu kurumlardan biridir. Kitle iletişimaraçları, demokrasilerde toplumu etkileyen olaylara ilişkin görüş ve düşüncelerisunmada önemli bir rol üstlenirler. Sovyet sisteminin yıkılışından sonra medyadaresmi sansür yasaklanmış olmasına rağmen gerçekte olanlar bunudoğrulamamaktadır. 1 Eylül 2004’te Rusya Federasyonu’na bağlı Kuzey Osetya’daküçük bir kasaba olan Beslan uluslararası haber takibinin gündemine oturmuştur.Bir grup Çeçen direnişçi bir okulda öğrencileri ve öğretmenleri üç gün boyuncarehin almıştır. Bu makalede Rusya Federasyonu’nda medyanın Beslan okulolaylarının haber takibini nasıl gerçekleştirdikleri değerlendirilmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Altschull, Herbert Agents Of Power: The Role Of The News Media In
  • Human Affairs, Longman, New York, 1984 Arkady, Babchenko & Josefine Olsen, “Information Vacuum”, Index on
  • Censorship, Sage Publication , USA, 2008 Banks, M.O. , ‘Spaces of (In)security: Media and Fear of Crime in Local
  • Context’, Crime, Media, Culture, 1(2): (2005), Başlamış, Cenk “Rus Basını Kişilik Savaşı Veriyor”, Milliyet, 10 Şubat 1995 Belin, Laura “The Russian Media in The 1990’s”, Rick Fawn&Stephen
  • White (edt.s), Russia After Communism, Frank Cass Pub., 2002 Belin, Laura. “Political Bias and Self-Censorship in the Russian Media”. A.
  • Brown (Ed.), Contemporary Russian Politics. Oxford University Press, 2001 Berje, Adolf, Kafkasya, Murat Papşu (çev.), Chiviyazıları Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010 Committee on Counterterrorism, “Challenges for Russia and the United
  • States”, Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research
  • Council, Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States:
  • Proceedings of a Workshop, Washington, 2006 Chomsky, Noam, Terörizm Kültürü, Taha Cevdet (çev.), Pınar Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002 Çaplı,Bülent&Oğuzhan Taş, Televizyon Haberciliğinde Etik, Ankara İletişim
  • Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 2010 Demir, Bekir “1990 Sonrası Rusya’sında Etno-Politik Ayrışma Süreci”,
  • Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, İstanbul, Sayı:6 Downing, John “Soviet Media Before and After Glasnost”, John
  • Downing&Ali Mohammedi&Annabelle Steberny Mohammedi (edits.),
  • Questioning The Media, Sage Publications, USA, 1990 Dunlop, John (1998) “Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist
  • Conflict”, İnternet adresi. <http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam034/ 97051840.pdf> Edelman, M., The Politics of Misinformation, New York, Cambridge
  • University Press, New York,2001 Elma, Fikret “Sovyet Sonrası Rusya ve Orta Asya”, Journal of Azerbaijani
  • Studies, 2009, internet adresi: <jas-khazar.org> Fox, M., “Glavlit, Censorship and The Problem of Party Policy in Cultural
  • Affairs, 1922–28”, Soviet Studies, Volume 44, Issue 6, 1992 Gorenburg Dmitry,” The Causes and Consequences of Beslan A
  • Commentary on Gerard Toal’s Placing Blame: Making Sense of Beslan”,
  • Political Geography, 28 2009 Haraszti , Miklós, “Report On Russian Media Coverage of The Beslan
  • Tragedy Access to Information and Journalists Working Conditions”,
  • The Report of the Centre for Journalism in Extreme Situations, 16 September 2004 Hapi, Cevdet “Yeni Gelişmeler ve Kuzey Kafkasya”, Kuzey Kafkasya
  • Dergisi, Sayı:85, İstanbul Kalafat, Yaşar, Kırım-Kuzey Kafkasya, Sosyal Antropoloji Araştırmaları,
  • Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara, 1999 Karakoç, Ekrem “Beslan, Rusya’nın 11 Eylül’ü mü?”, internet adresi: 6> Kasım, Kamer Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Kafkasya, USAK Yayınları, Ankara, 2009. Kaya, Raşit, Kitle İletişim Sistemleri, Teori Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1985, s.38 Kellner,B. “A Proposed Law Limits Censorship”, New York Times, 27 Eylül 1989 Maliapatra, Debidatta Aiirobinda “The Chechen Issue: Russia’s Case and
  • International Terrorism”, India Quarterly: A Journal of International
  • Affairs, Vol. 61, 2005 Mahapapa, Debidatta Aurobinda “Kashmir and Chechnya: Issues in
  • Terrorism”, India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, Vol., 62, Year. 2006, Mansur, Şamil Çeçenler, Sam Yayınları, Ankara, 1993 Melone, Sandra D. Georgios Terzis, Ozsel Beleli, Kriz Dönüşümünde
  • Medyadan Faydalanmak: Temel Deneyimler, Berghof Handbook for
  • Conflict Transformation Berghof Research Center for Constructive
  • Conflict Management, April 2002, McQuail, Denis, Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction, Sage
  • Publications, London, 1983 McNair, Brian Glasnost, Perestroika and the Soviet Media, Taylor&Francis,
  • Routledge., 2006 Morresi, Enrico Haber Etiği; Ahlaki Gazeteciğin Kuruluşu ve Eleştirisi,
  • Fırat Genç (çev.), Dost Yayınevi, 2003 Olga Zaytseva, “Beslan School Tragedy: The Rhetoric Of the Russian
  • Media”, Research In Writing and Rhetoric, Vol.3, Fall:2005 Özey, Ramazan, Kafkasya ve Kafkas Ülkeleri, TİKA Yayınları, 2000, Pietiläinen, Jukka & Dmitry Strovsky, “Why Do Russians Support
  • Censorship of The Media?”, Russian Journal of Communication , Vol 3 , No. 1-2 Severin, Werner & W. Tankard, İletişim Kuramları: Kökenleri, Yöntemleri,
  • Kitle İletişim Araçlarında Kullanımları, Ali Atıf Bir& SerdarSever
  • (çev.), Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1994 Shevtsova, L. , Russia—Lost in Transition, Brookings Institution.
  • Washington DC: 2007 Siebert, Fred S. Theodore Peterson& Wilbur Smith, Four Theories Of The
  • Press, University Of Illınois, 1959 Simons,Greg &Dimitry Strovsky, “Censorship in Contemporary in The Age
  • Of The War Against Terrorism; A Historical Perspective”, European
  • Journal Of Communication, Vol. 21 (2) 2006 Simon, Joel “Muzzling the Media : How the New Autocrats Threaten Press
  • Freedoms”, World Policy Journal, 23 (51), 2006 Sparks, Colin Communism, Capitalism and the Mass Media, Sage
  • Publications, London, 1998 Steele Jonathan “Angry Putin Rejects Public Beslan Inquiry” The Guardian, 7 Eylül (2004) Stevenson, Robert L. & Donald L.Shaw, Foreign News and The New World
  • Information Order, The Iowa University Press, USA Strovsky, Dimitry “ Crisis Management and Mass Media in Russia Folowing
  • The Historical Perspectives”, Boris Porfiriev&Greg Simons (ed.), Crises
  • In Russia, Asgate Publishing Company, USA, 2012 Tavkul, Ufuk, Değişen Dünya Düzeninde Kafkasya, İstanbul, 2005 Zasurskiĭ, Ivan Media and Power in Post-Soviet Russia, Transnational
  • Institute, USA, 2002 Zaytseva, Olga “Beslan School Tragedy: The Rhetoric Of the Russian
  • Media”, Research In Writing and Rhetoric, Vol.3, Fall:2005 Zyberk, Henry Plater “Beslan – Lessons Learned?”, Conflict Studies
  • Research Centre, November 2004 Weaver, David,“Press Freedom, Media and Development” Journal Of
  • Communication, Spring Vol.35, Number;2, (1985)
  • http://www.ejc.net/media_landscape/article/russia/ •
  • http://www.pressmedya.com/dosya/5727/irak-dosyasi-1-bolum.html •
  • http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/755/The%2520Media% and%2520Terrorism.pdf •
  • http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/285502.asp •
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3662124.stm •
  • http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkish/europe/story/2005/06/050623_bbc_ guideline.shtml •
  • Erol ÖNDEROĞLU, “Rusya’da 18 Yılda 292 Gazeteci Ya Öldürüldü Ya Kaybedildi”, internet adresi< http://bianet.org/bianet/dunya/109524
  • rusyada-18-yilda-292-gazeteci-ya-olduruldu-ya-kaybedildi> •
  • http://bianet.org/bianet/dunya/130450-politkovskaya-cinayetinin-bas
  • suphelisi-tutuklandi • http://www.diplomatikgozlem.com/TR/belge/1-5671/istenmeyen-millet- cecenler.html • http://tr.euronews.com/2012/12/06/rusya-da-gazeteci-suikasti •
  • Amy Knight,” Who-Killed-Anna-Politkovskaya”, “http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2008/nov/06/who-killed anna-politkovskaya/ •
  • http://www.dw.de/rusyada-faili-me%C3%A7hul-cinayetler-art%C4% B1yor/a-4539841 •
  • http://serapcakir.com/2011/10/07/anna-politkovskaya-suikasti/ •
  • http://tuid.org.ua/qanna-politkovskaya-cinayetiq-davasnda-4-sana- beraat •
  • http://bianet.org/bianet/ifade-ozgurlugu/112049-rusyada-cecenistan uzmani-avukat-ve-gazeteci-olduruldu •
  • http://bianet.org/bianet/medya/42588-rsf-basin-beslana-giremedi •
  • http://www.anlayis.net/makaleGoster.aspx?dergiid=17&makaleid=3816 •
  • http://www.tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/158/beslan_kuzey_osetya_olayinin_ ardindan

(RUSSIAN MEDIA IN CHECHEN RUSSIAN CONFLICT THE CASE OF NORTH OSETIA BESLAN SCHOOL SIEGE)

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 13, 7 - 38, 01.05.2012

Öz

Russia today has democratic institutions, but it may be debated towhat extent they are allowed to function democratically. One of these institutionsis the mass media, which plays a vital role in a democratic society. Mass mediaplays a vital role in how society views and responds to events that affect them ina democracy. After the collapse of the Soviet system formal censorship in mediawas banned even though the reality has been different. On September 1, 2004, aschool in the Russian town, Beslan, became the subject of international newscoverage . A group of Chechen separatists seized the school and kept its teachersand students hostage for three days. The aim of this article is on how media inthe Russian Federation attempt to report on the events in Beslan

Kaynakça

  • Altschull, Herbert Agents Of Power: The Role Of The News Media In
  • Human Affairs, Longman, New York, 1984 Arkady, Babchenko & Josefine Olsen, “Information Vacuum”, Index on
  • Censorship, Sage Publication , USA, 2008 Banks, M.O. , ‘Spaces of (In)security: Media and Fear of Crime in Local
  • Context’, Crime, Media, Culture, 1(2): (2005), Başlamış, Cenk “Rus Basını Kişilik Savaşı Veriyor”, Milliyet, 10 Şubat 1995 Belin, Laura “The Russian Media in The 1990’s”, Rick Fawn&Stephen
  • White (edt.s), Russia After Communism, Frank Cass Pub., 2002 Belin, Laura. “Political Bias and Self-Censorship in the Russian Media”. A.
  • Brown (Ed.), Contemporary Russian Politics. Oxford University Press, 2001 Berje, Adolf, Kafkasya, Murat Papşu (çev.), Chiviyazıları Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010 Committee on Counterterrorism, “Challenges for Russia and the United
  • States”, Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research
  • Council, Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States:
  • Proceedings of a Workshop, Washington, 2006 Chomsky, Noam, Terörizm Kültürü, Taha Cevdet (çev.), Pınar Yayınları, İstanbul, 2002 Çaplı,Bülent&Oğuzhan Taş, Televizyon Haberciliğinde Etik, Ankara İletişim
  • Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 2010 Demir, Bekir “1990 Sonrası Rusya’sında Etno-Politik Ayrışma Süreci”,
  • Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, İstanbul, Sayı:6 Downing, John “Soviet Media Before and After Glasnost”, John
  • Downing&Ali Mohammedi&Annabelle Steberny Mohammedi (edits.),
  • Questioning The Media, Sage Publications, USA, 1990 Dunlop, John (1998) “Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist
  • Conflict”, İnternet adresi. <http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam034/ 97051840.pdf> Edelman, M., The Politics of Misinformation, New York, Cambridge
  • University Press, New York,2001 Elma, Fikret “Sovyet Sonrası Rusya ve Orta Asya”, Journal of Azerbaijani
  • Studies, 2009, internet adresi: <jas-khazar.org> Fox, M., “Glavlit, Censorship and The Problem of Party Policy in Cultural
  • Affairs, 1922–28”, Soviet Studies, Volume 44, Issue 6, 1992 Gorenburg Dmitry,” The Causes and Consequences of Beslan A
  • Commentary on Gerard Toal’s Placing Blame: Making Sense of Beslan”,
  • Political Geography, 28 2009 Haraszti , Miklós, “Report On Russian Media Coverage of The Beslan
  • Tragedy Access to Information and Journalists Working Conditions”,
  • The Report of the Centre for Journalism in Extreme Situations, 16 September 2004 Hapi, Cevdet “Yeni Gelişmeler ve Kuzey Kafkasya”, Kuzey Kafkasya
  • Dergisi, Sayı:85, İstanbul Kalafat, Yaşar, Kırım-Kuzey Kafkasya, Sosyal Antropoloji Araştırmaları,
  • Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara, 1999 Karakoç, Ekrem “Beslan, Rusya’nın 11 Eylül’ü mü?”, internet adresi: 6> Kasım, Kamer Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Kafkasya, USAK Yayınları, Ankara, 2009. Kaya, Raşit, Kitle İletişim Sistemleri, Teori Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1985, s.38 Kellner,B. “A Proposed Law Limits Censorship”, New York Times, 27 Eylül 1989 Maliapatra, Debidatta Aiirobinda “The Chechen Issue: Russia’s Case and
  • International Terrorism”, India Quarterly: A Journal of International
  • Affairs, Vol. 61, 2005 Mahapapa, Debidatta Aurobinda “Kashmir and Chechnya: Issues in
  • Terrorism”, India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, Vol., 62, Year. 2006, Mansur, Şamil Çeçenler, Sam Yayınları, Ankara, 1993 Melone, Sandra D. Georgios Terzis, Ozsel Beleli, Kriz Dönüşümünde
  • Medyadan Faydalanmak: Temel Deneyimler, Berghof Handbook for
  • Conflict Transformation Berghof Research Center for Constructive
  • Conflict Management, April 2002, McQuail, Denis, Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction, Sage
  • Publications, London, 1983 McNair, Brian Glasnost, Perestroika and the Soviet Media, Taylor&Francis,
  • Routledge., 2006 Morresi, Enrico Haber Etiği; Ahlaki Gazeteciğin Kuruluşu ve Eleştirisi,
  • Fırat Genç (çev.), Dost Yayınevi, 2003 Olga Zaytseva, “Beslan School Tragedy: The Rhetoric Of the Russian
  • Media”, Research In Writing and Rhetoric, Vol.3, Fall:2005 Özey, Ramazan, Kafkasya ve Kafkas Ülkeleri, TİKA Yayınları, 2000, Pietiläinen, Jukka & Dmitry Strovsky, “Why Do Russians Support
  • Censorship of The Media?”, Russian Journal of Communication , Vol 3 , No. 1-2 Severin, Werner & W. Tankard, İletişim Kuramları: Kökenleri, Yöntemleri,
  • Kitle İletişim Araçlarında Kullanımları, Ali Atıf Bir& SerdarSever
  • (çev.), Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1994 Shevtsova, L. , Russia—Lost in Transition, Brookings Institution.
  • Washington DC: 2007 Siebert, Fred S. Theodore Peterson& Wilbur Smith, Four Theories Of The
  • Press, University Of Illınois, 1959 Simons,Greg &Dimitry Strovsky, “Censorship in Contemporary in The Age
  • Of The War Against Terrorism; A Historical Perspective”, European
  • Journal Of Communication, Vol. 21 (2) 2006 Simon, Joel “Muzzling the Media : How the New Autocrats Threaten Press
  • Freedoms”, World Policy Journal, 23 (51), 2006 Sparks, Colin Communism, Capitalism and the Mass Media, Sage
  • Publications, London, 1998 Steele Jonathan “Angry Putin Rejects Public Beslan Inquiry” The Guardian, 7 Eylül (2004) Stevenson, Robert L. & Donald L.Shaw, Foreign News and The New World
  • Information Order, The Iowa University Press, USA Strovsky, Dimitry “ Crisis Management and Mass Media in Russia Folowing
  • The Historical Perspectives”, Boris Porfiriev&Greg Simons (ed.), Crises
  • In Russia, Asgate Publishing Company, USA, 2012 Tavkul, Ufuk, Değişen Dünya Düzeninde Kafkasya, İstanbul, 2005 Zasurskiĭ, Ivan Media and Power in Post-Soviet Russia, Transnational
  • Institute, USA, 2002 Zaytseva, Olga “Beslan School Tragedy: The Rhetoric Of the Russian
  • Media”, Research In Writing and Rhetoric, Vol.3, Fall:2005 Zyberk, Henry Plater “Beslan – Lessons Learned?”, Conflict Studies
  • Research Centre, November 2004 Weaver, David,“Press Freedom, Media and Development” Journal Of
  • Communication, Spring Vol.35, Number;2, (1985)
  • http://www.ejc.net/media_landscape/article/russia/ •
  • http://www.pressmedya.com/dosya/5727/irak-dosyasi-1-bolum.html •
  • http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/755/The%2520Media% and%2520Terrorism.pdf •
  • http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/285502.asp •
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3662124.stm •
  • http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkish/europe/story/2005/06/050623_bbc_ guideline.shtml •
  • Erol ÖNDEROĞLU, “Rusya’da 18 Yılda 292 Gazeteci Ya Öldürüldü Ya Kaybedildi”, internet adresi< http://bianet.org/bianet/dunya/109524
  • rusyada-18-yilda-292-gazeteci-ya-olduruldu-ya-kaybedildi> •
  • http://bianet.org/bianet/dunya/130450-politkovskaya-cinayetinin-bas
  • suphelisi-tutuklandi • http://www.diplomatikgozlem.com/TR/belge/1-5671/istenmeyen-millet- cecenler.html • http://tr.euronews.com/2012/12/06/rusya-da-gazeteci-suikasti •
  • Amy Knight,” Who-Killed-Anna-Politkovskaya”, “http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2008/nov/06/who-killed anna-politkovskaya/ •
  • http://www.dw.de/rusyada-faili-me%C3%A7hul-cinayetler-art%C4% B1yor/a-4539841 •
  • http://serapcakir.com/2011/10/07/anna-politkovskaya-suikasti/ •
  • http://tuid.org.ua/qanna-politkovskaya-cinayetiq-davasnda-4-sana- beraat •
  • http://bianet.org/bianet/ifade-ozgurlugu/112049-rusyada-cecenistan uzmani-avukat-ve-gazeteci-olduruldu •
  • http://bianet.org/bianet/medya/42588-rsf-basin-beslana-giremedi •
  • http://www.anlayis.net/makaleGoster.aspx?dergiid=17&makaleid=3816 •
  • http://www.tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/158/beslan_kuzey_osetya_olayinin_ ardindan
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA58HY63ZF
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Leyla Budak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Budak, Leyla. “ÇEÇENİSTAN RUSYA GERGİNLİĞİNDE RUS MEDYASI: KUZEY OSETYA BESLAN OKUL KUŞATMASI ÖRNEĞİ”. Uluslararası Suçlar Ve Tarih, sy. 13 (Mayıs 2012): 7-38.