Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis

Melek Aydemir Hökelekli; Selime Kübra Saka; Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu; İlker Camkerten; Hidayet Metin Erdoğan

doi:10.31797/vetbio.1868841

Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis

Abstract

In this study, oxidative stress was assessed by comparing thiol/disulphide homeostasis between dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB) (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). The levels of total thiol (TTL), native thiol (NTL), and disulphide in blood samples were measured using a spectrophotometric method. The disulphide/total thiol (DsTT), disulphide/native thiol (DsNTT), and native thiol/total thiol (NT/TT) ratios were calculated. In healthy canines, the median values for TTL and NTL were 378 (320–470) µmol/L and 256 (216–421) µmol/L, respectively. In ITB dogs, these values were 389 (139–490) µmol/L and 245.5 (102–382) µmol/L. Despite the presence of numerical disparities, no statistically significant variations were identified between the groups for any of the evaluated parameters using the Mann-Whitney U test (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that thiol/disulphide homeostasis remains relatively stable in ITB. Further studies with a larger sample size and stratified by disease severity are required to clarify the role of thiol/disulphide parameters in the pathogenesis of ITB.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program (Project No: 2209-A).

Project Number

2209-A

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Aksaray University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (Aksaray Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu, HADYEK). The committee determined that the study falls under diagnostic and therapeutic clinical practices and does not require HADYEK permission according to Article 8, Paragraph 1(k) of the relevant regulation. Approval Number: 96 Meeting Number: 2025/11 Approval Date: 21 November 2025

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) for supporting this study.

References

Betteridge, D. J. (2000). What is oxidative stress? Metabolism, 49(2), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(00)80077-3
Değirmençay, Ş., Çamkerten, G., Çamkerten, İ., & Aktaş, M. S. (2021). istraživanje tiol-disulfidne homeostaze i razine albumina modificiranog ishemijom radi procjene oksidacijskog stresa u pasa sa štenećakom. Veterinarski arhiv, 91(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.0867 DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2018.20950
Erdoğan, H., Çamkerten, İ., Camkerten, G., URAL, K., Erdogan, S., Gunal, I., ... Erel, Ö.(2019). The Effect of Hot-Iron Disbudding on Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Calves. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.25, no.3, 335-339. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2018.20950
Erel, O., & Neselioglu, S. (2014). A novel and automated assay for thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Clinical Biochemistry, 47(18), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.026
Ertaş, F., Kızıltepe, Şemistan, & Merhan, O. (2023). Investigation of Dynamic Thiol Disulfide Homeostasis in Young Cattle With Pneumonia. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(Özel Sayı), 949–954. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10003819
Ford, R. B. (2012). Canine infectious respiratory disease. In C. E. Greene (Ed.), Infectious diseases of the dog and cat (4th ed., pp. 55–56). Elsevier Saunders.
Ford, R. B. (2014). Kennel cough revisited. Today’s Veterinary Practice, 5(4), 72–77.
Frijhoff, J., Winyard, P. G., Zarkovic, N., Davies, S. S., Stocker, R., Cheng, D., Knight, A. R., Taylor, E. L., Oettrich, K., Ruskovska, T., Gasparovic, A. C., & Milisav, I. (2015). Clinical relevance of biomarkers of oxidative stress. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 23(14), 1144–1170. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2015.6317

Gemcioglu, E., Baser, S., Cakmak, N. Y., Erel, Ö., Akman, B. T., Ahmadova, P., & Ersoy, O. (2021). Assessing Oxidative Stress by Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis Among Vitamin D-Deficient Patients. Cureus, 13(12). doi: 10.7759/cureus.20400
Haydardedeoglu, A. E., Çolakoglu, E. Ç., Alihosseini, H., & Kaya, U. (2023). Clinical success of clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin and doxycycline in dogs with infectious tracheobronchitis. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 8(3), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1336336
Karaoğlanoğlu, S., & Erdal, H. (2025). Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis as a New Oxidative Stress Marker in Patients with COPD. Diagnostics, 15(20), 2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15202584
Lappin, M. R., Blondeau, J., Boothe, D., Breitschwerdt, E., Guardabassi, L., Lloyd, D. H., Papich, M. G., Rankin, S., Sykes, J. E., Turnidge, J., & Weese, J. S. (2017). Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(2), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14627
Mantis, P., Lamb, C. R., & Boswood, A. (1998). Assessment of the accuracy of thoracic radiography in the diagnosis of canine chronic bronchitis. Journal of small animal practice, 39(11), 518-520. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03697.x
Ouyang, Z., Joffe, D., Weese, J. S., Bernardo, T., Porter, A., Villemaire, S., ... & Poljak, Z. (2024). Risk factors for canine infectious respiratory disease complex and the pathogens associated with the disease. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 65(11), 1172-1179. PMID: 39494180
Pizzino, G., Irrera, N., Cucinotta, M., Pallio, G., Mannino, F., Arcoraci, V., Squadrito, F., Altavilla, D., & Bitto, A. (2017). Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 8416763. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763
Reagan, K. L., & Sykes, J. E. (2019). Canine infectious respiratory disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 50(2), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.10.009
Sekeroglu, M. R., Çokluk, E., Yaylacı, S., Erdem, A. F., Tuncer, F. B., Dheir, H., & Cinemre, F. B. S. (2021). Thiol-disulphide homoeostasis in COVID-19: Evaluation of its relationship with complete blood count parameters. Konuralp Medical Journal, 13(S1), 460–467. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.917364
Sen, Y., Senel, O. O., Ergin, I., Ozgermen, B., & Bumin, A. (2015). Radiographic and bronchoscopic findings in 28 dogs with respiratory tract disease. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 4(1), 350-354. https://izlik.org/JA93NA88BS
Senel, Y., Terzi, O. S., Kara, E., Erel, Ö., Neselioglu, S., & Ceylan, E. (2024). Alterations in serum thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin concentrations in clinical canine parvoviral enteritis. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 48(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4341
Tarhan, M., Deger, Y., Oguz, B., & Ozdek, U. (2023). Investigation of thiol-disulphide homeostasis in dogs with babesiosis. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 77(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.145761
Tuzcu, A., Baykara, R. A., Omma, A., Acet, G. K., Dogan, E., Cure, M. C., & Erel, O. (2019). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine, 57(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2018-0025
Ulrich, K., & Jakob, U. (2019). The role of thiols in antioxidant systems. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 140, 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.035
Wiechert-Brown, S. A., Classe, H. M., Dant, J. C., LaFleur, R. L., Xu, Z., & Tarpey, I. (2025). One year duration of immunity of a combination Bordetella bronchiseptica-canine parainfluenza oral vaccine in dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12, 1634190. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1634190

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Internal Medicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Melek Aydemir Hökelekli ^*
0000-0002-4732-8279
Türkiye

Selime Kübra Saka
0009-0009-1577-4993
Türkiye

Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu
0000-0002-8473-0072
Türkiye

İlker Camkerten
0000-0002-6952-7703
Türkiye

Hidayet Metin Erdoğan
0000-0003-1261-4352
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 7, 2026

Submission Date

January 21, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1868841

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA77FJ25TK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aydemir Hökelekli, M., Saka, S. K., Haydardedeoğlu, A. E., Camkerten, İ., & Erdoğan, H. M. (2026). Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 2, 110-114. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1868841

AMA

1.Aydemir Hökelekli M, Saka SK, Haydardedeoğlu AE, Camkerten İ, Erdoğan HM. Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis. J Ad VetBio Sci Tech. 2026;(2):110-114. doi:10.31797/vetbio.1868841

Chicago

Aydemir Hökelekli, Melek, Selime Kübra Saka, Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu, İlker Camkerten, and Hidayet Metin Erdoğan. 2026. “Comparison of Thiol Disulfide Homeostasis in Dogs Diagnosed With Infectious Tracheobronchitis”. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, nos. 2: 110-14. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1868841.

EndNote

Aydemir Hökelekli M, Saka SK, Haydardedeoğlu AE, Camkerten İ, Erdoğan HM (May 1, 2026) Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques 2 110–114.

IEEE

[1]M. Aydemir Hökelekli, S. K. Saka, A. E. Haydardedeoğlu, İ. Camkerten, and H. M. Erdoğan, “Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis”, J Ad VetBio Sci Tech, no. 2, pp. 110–114, May 2026, doi: 10.31797/vetbio.1868841.

ISNAD

Aydemir Hökelekli, Melek - Saka, Selime Kübra - Haydardedeoğlu, Ali Evren - Camkerten, İlker - Erdoğan, Hidayet Metin. “Comparison of Thiol Disulfide Homeostasis in Dogs Diagnosed With Infectious Tracheobronchitis”. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques. 2 (May 1, 2026): 110-114. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1868841.

JAMA

1.Aydemir Hökelekli M, Saka SK, Haydardedeoğlu AE, Camkerten İ, Erdoğan HM. Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis. J Ad VetBio Sci Tech. 2026;:110–114.

MLA

Aydemir Hökelekli, Melek, et al. “Comparison of Thiol Disulfide Homeostasis in Dogs Diagnosed With Infectious Tracheobronchitis”. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, no. 2, May 2026, pp. 110-4, doi:10.31797/vetbio.1868841.

Vancouver

1.Melek Aydemir Hökelekli, Selime Kübra Saka, Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu, İlker Camkerten, Hidayet Metin Erdoğan. Comparison of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with infectious tracheobronchitis. J Ad VetBio Sci Tech. 2026 May 1;(2):110-4. doi:10.31797/vetbio.1868841