Research Article

Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye

Number: 2 October 2, 2026

Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye

Abstract

Waterborne parasites represent an important public health problem due to their ability to survive in aquatic environments and contaminate drinking water sources. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of waterborne pa rasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale Province, Türkiye. A total of 120 water samples were collected month ly from 10 different sampling stations between April 2024 and March 2025. Five-liter water samples were concentrated using sedimentation followed by centrifugation. Microscopic examinations were performed using native Lugol, Kinyoun acid-fast staining, and trichrome staining techniques to detect parasitic forms. Parasitic contamination was detected in 19 (15.8%) water samples. The most frequently detected parasites were Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., both of which are zoonotic pro tozoa with public health importance. In addition, Isospora sp. and Eimeria spp. oocysts, as well as helminth eggs (Aspiculuris sp., Trichuris sp.) and crustaceans, were observed in several samples, indicating possible fecal contamination of water sources. Parasites were detected most frequently during autumn, whereas the lowest detection rates were observed in winter. Among the diagnostic methods used, Kinyoun acid-fast staining detected the highest number of positive samples. The detection of zoonotic protozoa in drinking and spring water sources suggests potential fecal contamination and possible health risks for local popula tions. Regular monitoring and protection of water resources are essential to reduce the risk of waterborne parasitic infections.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) through the 2209-A – Research Projects Support Program for Undergraduate Students (Project No. 1919B012325666).

Project Number

1919B012325666

Ethical Statement

As this study does not involve experimental animals within the scope of the Regulation on the Working Procedures and Principles of Animal Experiments Ethics Committees published in the Official Gazette dated 15 February 2014 and numbered 28914, ethical approval was not required. Nevertheless, an ethics committee opinion confirming this status was obtained from the Chair of the Kırıkkale University Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (06 May 2024, No. E.250042)

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Parasitology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 2, 2026

Submission Date

March 12, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 21, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2

APA
Ünaldi, G., & Gökpınar, S. (2026). Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 2, 178-185. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1908622
AMA
1.Ünaldi G, Gökpınar S. Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye. J Ad VetBio Sci Tech. 2026;(2):178-185. doi:10.31797/vetbio.1908622
Chicago
Ünaldi, Göksel, and Sami Gökpınar. 2026. “Occurrence and Distribution of Waterborne Parasites in Drinking and Spring Water Sources in Kırıkkale Province, Türkiye”. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, nos. 2: 178-85. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1908622.
EndNote
Ünaldi G, Gökpınar S (October 1, 2026) Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques 2 178–185.
IEEE
[1]G. Ünaldi and S. Gökpınar, “Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye”, J Ad VetBio Sci Tech, no. 2, pp. 178–185, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.31797/vetbio.1908622.
ISNAD
Ünaldi, Göksel - Gökpınar, Sami. “Occurrence and Distribution of Waterborne Parasites in Drinking and Spring Water Sources in Kırıkkale Province, Türkiye”. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques. 2 (October 1, 2026): 178-185. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1908622.
JAMA
1.Ünaldi G, Gökpınar S. Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye. J Ad VetBio Sci Tech. 2026;:178–185.
MLA
Ünaldi, Göksel, and Sami Gökpınar. “Occurrence and Distribution of Waterborne Parasites in Drinking and Spring Water Sources in Kırıkkale Province, Türkiye”. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, no. 2, Oct. 2026, pp. 178-85, doi:10.31797/vetbio.1908622.
Vancouver
1.Göksel Ünaldi, Sami Gökpınar. Occurrence and distribution of waterborne parasites in drinking and spring water sources in Kırıkkale province, Türkiye. J Ad VetBio Sci Tech. 2026 Oct. 1;(2):178-85. doi:10.31797/vetbio.1908622

 

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