Evaluation of the effect of birth type on blood gas and Apgar scores in newborn kids

Year 2021, , 211 - 219, 31.12.2021

Tuğra Akkuş , Ömer Korkmaz , Birten Emre , Abuzer K. Zonturlu , Pelin Fatoş Polat Dinçer , Ömer Yaprakcı

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.953136

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eutocia and dystocia on blood gas and Apgar scores in Aleppo goat kids. A total of 40 kids were used in the study. Kids were divided into 2 groups according to the type of birth. The first group of the study (Group 1, n=20) consisted of kids born as a result of eutocia, and the second group of the study (Group 2, n=20) was formed as a result of dystocia. Apgar scores (appearance, pulse, grimace, attitude, respiration) were evaluated at 0, 5, and 15 minutes postpartum from kids in both study groups, and blood samples were taken from blood gas injectors and blood gas profiles (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3) were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U and Friedman post-hoc bonferroni. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between measurements. A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the Apgar score at 0, 5 and 15 minutes and in the blood gas measurements of pH, pO2, pCO2, and HCO3 at 0, 5 and 15 minutes (p<0.05). A significant time-dependent difference in Apgar score value was noted in both groups (p<0.05). There was a significant time-dependent difference in pH, pCO2, pO2, and HCO3 values in both groups (p<0.05). In Group 1; A significant correlation was found between Apgar and pCO2 and HCO3 values (p<0.05). In Group 2; only a significant correlation was recorded between Apgar and HCO3 values (r=-0.464; p<0.05). As a result, a significant difference was observed between the mode of delivery and the blood gases evaluated and measured by the Apgar score. It was concluded that the evaluation of Apgar score and blood gases together would be more successful in neonatal interventions.

Keywords

Kid, dystocia, blood gases, Apgar

References

• Apgar, V. A. (1953). Proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Current Research in Anesthesia and Analgesia, 32, 260-7.
• Batista, M., Moreno, C., Vilar, J., Golding, M., Brito, C., Santana, M., Alamoet, D., (2014). Neonatal viability evaluation by APGAR score in puppies delivered by cesarean section in two brachycephalic breeds (English and French bulldog). Animal Reproduction Science, 146, 218-26. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.03.003
• Bleul, U., Lejeune, B., Schwantag, S., Kahn, W. (2007). Blood gas and acid-base analysis of arterial blood in 57 newborn calves. Veterinary Record, 161, 688-91.
• Bonelli, F., Nocera, R., Conte, G., Panzani, D., Sgorbini, M. (2020). Relation between Apgar scoring and physical parameters in 44 newborn Amiata donkey foals at birth. Theriogenology, 142, 310-4. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.020
• Born, E. (1981). Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der Schnittentbindung auf die Vitalit¨at neugeborener K¨alber. Dissertation. Tier¨arztliche Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.
• Camargo, D.G., Yanaka, R., Bovino, F., Bregadioli, T., Mendes, L.C.N., Peiróe, J.R., Feitosa, F.L.F. (2012). Parâmetros hemogasométricos e equilíbrio ácido-básico de cabritos nascidos de partos normais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 32, 9-14.
• De Roth, L., Downie, H.G. (1976). Evaluation of viability of neonatal swine. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 17,275-9.
• Dutra, F., Banchero, G. (2011). Polwarth and Texel Ewe parturition duration and its association with lamb birth asphyxia. Journal of Animal Science, 89, 3069-78. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3567
• Dwyer, C.M. (2008). The welfare of the neonatal lamb. Small Ruminant Research, 76, 31-41.
• Dwyer, C.M., Conington, J., Corbiere, F., Muri, K., Nowak, R., Rooke, J., Vipond, J., Gautier, J.M. (2016). Invited review: improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice. Animal, 10,449-59.
• Feitosa, F.L.F., Perri, S.H.V., Bovino, F., Mendes, L.C.N., Peiró, J.R., Gasparelli, E.R.F., Yanaka, R., Camargo, D.G. (2012). Evaluation of the vitality of nelore calves born of normal or dystocic parturitions. Ars Veterinaria, 28, 1-7.
• Flora, T., Smallman, M., Kutzler, M. (2020). Developing a modified Apgar scoring system for newborn lambs. Theriogenology, 157, 321-6. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.010
• Gilstrap, L.C., Leveno, K.S., Burris, J., Williams M.L., Little B.B. (1989). Diagnosis of birth asphyxia on the basis of fetal pH; Apgar score and newborn cerebral dysfunction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161, 825-30. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90410-9
• Kimura, Y., Aoki, T., Chiba, A., Nambo, Y. (2017). Effects of dystocia on blood gas parameters, acid-base balance and serum lactate concentration in heavy draft newborn foals. Journal of Equine Science, 28, 27-30.
• Koether, K., Ulian, C.M., Lourenço, M.L., Gonçalves, R.S, Sudano, M.J, Cruz, R.K.S., Branchini, N.S., Alfonso, A., Chiacchio, S.B. (2016). The normal electrocardiograms in the conscious newborn lambs in neonatal period and its progression. BMC Physiology, 16. doi: 10.1186/s12899-016-0020-5.
• Kredatusova, G., Hajurka, J., Szakallova, I., Valencakova, A., Vojtek, B. (2011). Physiological events during parturition and possibilities for improving puppy survival: a review. Veterinární medicína, 56, 589-94.
• Lester, G.D., House, J.K., Vaala, W.E. (2009). Initial management and physical examination of the neonate. In: B.P. Smith (Ed.), Large Animal Internal Medicine (pp. 262-280). Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis.
• Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H. (1981). Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics, 68, 36.
• Norton, J.R., Jackson, P.G., Taylor, P.M. (1998). Measurement of arterial oxygenhaemoglobin saturation in newborn lambs by pulse oximetry. Veterinary Record, 142, 107-9. doi: 10.1136/vr.142.5.107
• Piccione, G., Borruso, M., Fazio, F., Giannetto, C., Caola, G. (2007). Physiological parameters in lambs during the first 30 days postpartum. Small Ruminant Research, 72, 57-60. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.04.002
• Randall, G.C. (1971). The relationship of arterial blood pH and pCO2 to the viability of the newborn piglet. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 35,141-6.
• Reece, W.O. (2004). Dukes’ Physiology of Domestic Animals, 12th ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
• Scott, P.R. (2006). Sheep Medicine, 1st ed. Manson Publishing Ltd., London.
• Siristatidis, C., Salamalekis, E., Kassanos, D., Loghis, C., Creatsas, G., (2003). Evaluation of fetal intrapartum hypoxia by middle cerebral and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry with simultaneous cardiotocography and pulse oximetry. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 270, 265-70.
• Thorpe, J.A., Sampson, J.E., Parisi, V.M., Creasy, R.K. (1989). Routine umblical cord blood gas determinations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161, 600-5. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90362-1
• Türkoğlu, N., Yalçınöz, B. H., Küçükoğlu, S. (2014). Sağlıklı ve hasta bebeğe sahip annelerin doğum sonu depresyon düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması, Cumhuriyet Hemşirelik Dergisi, 3(1), 1-8.
• Vaala, W.E., House, J.K., & Madigan, J.E. (2002). Initial management and physical examination of the neonate. In: B.P. Smith (Ed.), Large animal internal medicine (pp. 277-93). Third ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
• Vannucchi, C.I., Rodrigues, J.A., Silva, L.C.G., Lucio, C.F., Veiga, G.A.L. (2012). A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 108, 107-12.
• Vassalo, F.G., Peternelli Silva, L., Lourenço, M.L.G., Chiacchio, S.B. (2014). Apgar score: history and importance in Veterinary Medicine. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 38, 54-59.
• Vassalo, F.G., Simoes, C.G.B., Sudano, M.J., Prestes, N.C., Lopes, M.D., Chiacchio, S.B., Lourenço, M.L.G. (2015). Topics in the routine assessment of newborn puppy viability. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 30, 16-21. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2015.02.003
• Veronesi, M.C., Panzani, S., Faustini, M., Rota, A. (2009). An Apgar scoring system for routine assessment of newborn puppy viability and short-term survival prognosis. Theriogenology, 72, 401-7. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.03.010