A. vineale'nin Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2021, , 1001 - 1010, 31.12.2021

Özlem Çakmakcı , Suat Şensoy , Ali Ramazan Alan , Çeknas Erdinç

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1002453

Öz

Allium vineale L. yenilebilir bir yabani Allium türüdür. Bu tür Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yerel insanlar tarafından doğadan toplanarak sebze olarak tüketilmektedir. A. vineale bitkilerinin toprak üstü organları doğu şehirlerinde otlu peynir üretiminde kullanılır. Doğadan toplama bu türün üretimi için sürdürülebilir bir yol değildir. A. vineale tohumlar ve bulbiller ile çoğaltılabilir. Arazi ve korunmuş yapılar içerisinde yetiştiriciliğe uygundur. Tarımsa üretim için arttırılmış verim ve kalite özellikleri yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada, otlu peynir üretiminde kullanılabilecek yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amacına yönelik olarak bir A. vineale genetik havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Bu genetik havuzda yer alan aksesyonlar kültür koşullarına adaptasyon, agronomik özellikler ve hasat uniformitesi gibi tercih edilen özellikler için karakterize edilmişlerdir. A. vineale aksesyonlarının fenotipik çeşitliliği International Union for the protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) tarafından belirlenmiş morfolojik tanımlamalara değerlendirilmiştir. Morfolojik verilerin kümeleme ve principal component analysis (PCA) analizlerine göre aksesyonlar lokasyona bağlı olarak iki ana guruba bölünmüştür. Genetik havuzdaki aksesyonlar yaprak mumsuluğu ve renk yoğunluğu yönünden birbirlerinden farklılıklar göstermişlerdir. A. vineale ince yaprakları, kısa bitki boyu ve çiçek umbelinde bulunan fazla sayıda bulbil ile aynı alanda bulunan diğer Alliumlardan ayırt edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yabani sarımsak, Fenotipik çeşitlilik, Sirmo, UPOV, UPGMA

Destekleyen Kurum

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve Proje Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

FDK-2019-7825

Morphological Characterization of A. vineale

Öz

Allium vineale L. is a wild edible Allium species. This species is collected from nature by the local people in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and consumed as a vegetable. Aboveground organs of A. vineale plants are used in herbed cheese production in the eastern provinces. Collection from nature is not a sustainable way production of this species. A. vineale can be propagated via seeds and bulbils. It is suitable for cultivation under field and protected conditions. For agricultural production of this species, new cultivars with improved yield and quality traits have to be developed. In this study, an A. vineale germplasm was created with the aim of developing new cultivars that can be used in herbed cheese production. The accessions included in the germplasm were characterized for desired traits such as adaptability to culture conditions, agronomic characteristics and harvest uniformity. The phenotypic diversity of A. vineale accessions were examined using morphological descriptors derived from International Union for the protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). According to the clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) made by evaluation of the morphological features, the accessions were divided into two main groups based on the locations. Germplasm accessions differ from each other for leaf waxiness and color intensity. A. vineale can be distinguished from other Alliums present in the same area with thin leaves, short plant height, and multiple bulbils in the flower scapes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wild garlic, Phenotypic diversity, sirmo, UPOV, UPGMA

Proje Numarası

FDK-2019-7825

Kaynakça

• Al-Zahim M., Newbury H.J. & Ford-Lloyd B.V. (1997). Classification of genetic variation in garlic Allium sativum L. revealed by RAPD. Hortscience 32, 1102–1104.
• Aryakia, E., Karimi, H. R., Naghavi, M. R. & Fazeli, S. A. S. (2016). Morphological characterization of intra-and interspecific diversity in some Iranian wild Allium species. Euphytica 211(2), 185-200.
• Ceplitis, A. & Bengtsson, B. O., (2004). Genetic variation, disequilibrium and natural selection on reproductive traits in Allium vineale. J. Evol. Biol. 17, 302–311.
• Choi, H. J. & Cota-Sa´nchez, J. H. (2010). A taxonomic revision of Allium (Alliaceae) in the Canadian prairie provinces. Botany 88, 787–809.
• Coşkun, H., & Oztürk, B. (2000). Vitamin C contents of some herbs used in Van herby cheese (Van Otlu Peyniri). Food/Nahrung. 44 (5), 379–380.
• Dagdelen, S., Bilenler, T., Durmaz, G., Gokbulut, I., Hayaloglu, A.A., & Karabulut, I. (2014). Volatile composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of herbal plants used in the manufacture of van herby cheese. J. Food Process. Preserv. 38 (4), 1716–1725.
• De Souza E.H, De Carvalho Costa M.A.P., Souza F.V.D., De Oliveira S.S. & Dos Santos-Serejo JA (2012). Genetic variability of banana with ornamental potential. Euphytica 184, 355–367.
• Duncan, D. B., (1955). Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics, 11 (1), 1-42.
• Ebrahimi, R., Zamani, Z., Kashi, A., 2009. Genetic diversity evaluation of wild Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss.) using morphological and RAPD markers. Scientia Horticulturae, 119 (4): 345-351.
• Eryigit, T., Tuncturk, M., & Tuncturk, R. (2020). Determination of The Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Some Edible Wild Plants Used in Herby Cheese. Journal of Elementology 25(3).
• Friesen, N., Fritsch, R. M., Pollner, S., & Blattner, F. R. (2000). Molecular and morphological evidence for an origin of the aberrant genus Milula within Himalayan species of Allium (Alliacae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17(2), 209-218.
• Fritsch, R. M. & Abbasi, M. (2013). A taxonomic review of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum in Iran. Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung Gatersleben (IPK), Gatersleben, 240.
• Guldigen, Ö. & Sensoy, S. (2015). Herbs used in herby cheese and their distinctive characteristics. GAP VII. Agricultural Congress, 28 Nisan- 1 Mayıs, 2015, Şanlıurfa. 411-416.
• Guldigen, O. & Sensoy, S. (2016). Sirmo (Allium spp.), wild herb species used in herby cheese. Acta Horticulturae (1143), 117-123.
• Ipek M., Ipek A., Almquist S.G. & Simon P.W. (2005) Demonstration of linkage and development of the first low-density genetic map of garlic, based on AFLP markers. Sheor Appl Genet 110(2), 228–236.
• iTOL, (2020). Interactive Tree of Life. https://itol.embl.de/. Accessed date: 11.02.2020
• Joshi, R., Kundu, M., Singh, C. P. (2013). Morphological characters: efficient tool for identification on different mango cultivars. Environ. Ecol. 31, 385–388.
• Liu, Q., Wen, C., Zhao, H., Zhang, L. & Wang, J. (2014). RNA-Seq reveals leaf cuticular wax-related genes in Welsh onion. Plos One 9 (11), 1–17.
• Nomura, Y. & Makara, K. (1996). Morphological and agronomical characteristics in interspecific hybrid plants between Rakkyo (Allium chinense) and other edible Allium species. Japanese Journal of Breeding 46(1), 17-22.
• Panthee, D. R., Kc, R. B., Regmi, H. N., Subedi, P. P., Bhattarai, S. & Dhakal, J. (2006). Diversity analysis of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasms available in Nepal based on morphological characters. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53 (1), 205-212.130.
• Polyzos, N., Papasotiropoulos, V., Lamari, F. N., Petropoulos, S. A., & Bebeli, P. J. (2019). Phenotypic characterization and quality traits of Greek garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm cultivated at two different locations. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 66(8), 1671-1689.
• Pooler, M. R. & Simon, P. W. (1993). Characterization and classification of isozyme and morphological variation in a diverse collection of garlic clones. Euphytica 68(1-2), 121.
• Sansford, C., Beal, E. J., Denton, G. & Denton, J. O. (2015). First report of the rust Puccinia porri on cultivated Allium vineale'Hair'. New Disease Reports 31, 4-4.
• Satyal, P., Craft, J. D., Dosoky, N. S. & Setzer, W. N. (2017). The chemical compositions of the volatile oils of garlic (Allium sativum) and wild garlic (Allium vineale). Foods 6(8), 63.
• Şelem, E., Nohutçu, L., Tunçtürk, R. & Tunçtürk, M. (2020). Bazı Allium Türlerinin Morfolojik Ölçümleri, Stoma ve Polen Özellikleri ile Polen Canlılığının Belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 30 (Additional issue), 882-889.
• Sensoy, S., Büyükalaca, S., & Abak, K. (2007). Evaluation of genetic diversity in Turkish melons (Cucumis melo L.) based on phenotypic characters and RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54(6), 1351-1365.
• Stajner, D., Milić, N., Čanadanović‐Brunet, J., Kapor, A., Štajner, M., & Popović, B. M. (2006). Exploring Allium species as a source of potential medicinal agents. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 20(7), 581-584.
• Stummel, J. R. & Bosland, P. (2007). Ornamental pepper Capsicum annuum. In: Flower Breeding and Genetics: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities for the 21st Century. Springer, Dordrecht, 561–599.
• Subudhi, P. K. & Raut, R. N. (1994). White rust resistance and its association with parental species type and leaf waxiness in Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss B. napus L. crosses under the action of EDTA and gamma-rays. Euphytica 74, 1–7.
• Taşcı, B., Kütük, H. & Koca, İ. (2019). Antioxidant Activity of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) STEARN Plant Grown in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 7 (10), 1561-1567.
• UPOV (2014). International Union for The Protection of New Varieties of Plants. https://www.upov.int/edocs/mdocs/upov/en/tc_50/tg_198_2_proj_4.pdf. Accessed date: 04.03.2020.