Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Properties with Evaluation of Biochemicals and Phytochemicals Present in Oscillatoria limosa of District Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract

Oscillatoria limosa is a well-known member of blue-green algae, usually found in open water reservoirs. Ecologically it plays very important roles, like releasing Oxygen and being a supportive alternative source of food for aqua fauna. In research, it is being investigated as a medicinal organism for cancer and infectious diseases. In the current study, we have determined the medicinal and ecological importance of Oscillatoria limosa particularly found in the vicinity of district Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan. For this purpose, four different solvent extracts of 20% (w/v) dried powder of organism were used to determine the presence of bioactive compounds, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities, and antioxidant properties through previously well-reported methods. The obtained results of this study prove the presence of phenolic acid, flavonoids, total proteins, total sugar, reducing sugar and one free amino acid, and phytochemicals like alkaloids, phytosterol, tannin, terpenoids, glycosides, and saponin in samples. In this study, remarkable antioxidant properties ranging from 0.248 to 1.080 mg ml-1 were observed in all the samples. The antibacterial activities against S. aureus, A. tumefaciens, K. aureus, E.coli, and P.aeruginosa, and antifungal activities against A. niger, P. notatum, and Rhizopus were observed, which proves it a good antimicrobial organism. It may be concluded from this study that Oscillatoria limosa of local vicinity is a potential organism of interest for biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries as an antitumor, antimutagen, free radical scavenger, and possess antimicrobial properties against various kind of bacteria and fungi.

Keywords

• Cyanobacteria
• Antimicrobial
• Phytochemicals
• Oscillatoria limosa
• Antioxidant

References

1. a, N. A., Hemavani, C., & Thippeswamy, B. (2012). Evaluation of antimicrobial property of Spirogyra species. 2(2), 13–15.
2. Abed, R. M. M., Dobretsov, S., & Sudesh, K. (2009). Applications of cyanobacteria in biotechnology. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 106(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2672.2008.03918.X
3. Azizi, S. N., Hosseinzadeh Colagar, A., & Hafeziyan, S. M. (2012). Removal of Cd(II) from aquatic system using Oscillatoria sp. biosorbent. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/347053
4. Charan, T. R., Bhutto, M. A., Bhutto, M. A., Tunio, A. A., Khuhro, G. M., Khaskheli, S. A., & Mughal, A. A. (2021). “Nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid”: their various methods of formulations, clinical and therapeutic applications, present gap, and future directions. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1), 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00281-9
5. Chennubhotla, V. S. (1996). Seaweeds and their importance. CMFRI Bulletin-Artificial Reefs and Seafarming Technologies, 48, 108–109.
6. CHRISTENSEN, H. N. (1964). Free Amino Acids and Peptides in Tissues. Mammalian Protein Metabolism, 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3209-6.50011-6
7. Das, S. K. (2016). Dietary use of algae among tribal of North-east India: Special reference to the monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 15(3), 509–513.
8. Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Maamri, S., Djireb, F., & Stocker, P. (2008). Phenolic extracts from various Algerian plants as strong inhibitors of porcine liver carboxylesterase. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/14756360600810399, 21(6), 719–726. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756360600810399

9. Habib Naqvi, S., Umar Dahot, M., Rafiq, M., Yakoub Khan, M., Ibrahim, I., Lashari, K. H., Ali, A., & Korai, A. L. (2011). Anti-microbial efficacy and biochemical analysis from different parts of Acacia nilotica L. and Ricinus communis L. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 5(27), 6299–6308. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.533
10. Hemalatha, A., Girija, K., Parthiban, C., Saranya, C., & Anantharaman, P. (2013). Antioxidant properties and total phenolic content o f a marine diatom, Navicula clavata and green microalgae, Chlorella marina and Dunaliella salina. Undefined.
11. HU, D., X, Y., & C, P. (2006). Antifouling potential of cyanobacteria: a mini-review. Biofouling, 22(5–6), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010600967261
12. Hudaib, T., Brown, S., Wilson, D., & Eady, P. E. (2016). Identification of Free Amino Acids in Several Crude Extracts of Two Legumes Using Thin-Layer Chromatography. JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC, 29(2), 145–147. https://doi.org/10.1556/1006.2016.29.2.9
13. Kajiyama, S. I., Kanzaki, H., Kawazu, K., & Kobayashi, A. (1998). Nostofungicidine, an antifungal lipopeptide from the field-grown terrestrial blue-green alga Nostoc commune. Tetrahedron Letters, 39(22), 3737–3740. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(98)00573-5
14. Lem, N. W., & Glick, B. R. (1985). Biotechnological uses of cyanobacteria. Biotechnology Advances, 3(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(85)90291-5
15. Luu, P. T., Duy, N. D., & Long, L. T. (2019). Toxicity of the cyanobacteria Ocillatoria limosa isolated from Tri An reservoir. Journal of Biology, 41(January), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v41n2se1
16. Miller, G. L. (2002). Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 31(3), 426–428. https://doi.org/10.1021/AC60147A030
17. O, P., GM, K., & AD, W. (1998). Hierridin B and 2,4-dimethoxy-6-heptadecyl-phenol, secondary metabolites from the cyanobacterium Phormidium ectocarpi with antiplasmodial activity. Phytochemistry, 49(8), 2383–2386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00440-3
18. OH, L., NJ, R., AL, F., & RJ, R. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265–275. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14907713/
19. P, P., M, P., & M, A. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269(2), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1006/ABIO.1999.4019
20. Papke, U., Gross, E. M., & Francke, W. (1997). Isolation, identification and determination of the absolute configuration of fischerella B. A new algicide from the freshwater cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola (Thuret). Tetrahedron Letters, 38(3), 379–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(96)02284-8
21. Patterson, G. M. L., Larsen, L. K., & Moore, R. E. (1994). Bioactive natural products from blue-green algae. Journal of Applied Phycology, 6(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186069
22. Piwowar, A., & Harasym, J. (2020). The importance and prospects of the use of algae in agribusiness. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145669
23. R, M. (1961). Further studies of the phenol-sulfuric acid reagent for carbohydrates. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 48(3), 591–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(61)90059-2
24. RA, M., & U, L. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of the island Soqotra. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96(1–2), 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2004.09.006
25. Rutikanga, A., Gitu, L., Oyaro, N., & Chacha, S. (2017). MINERAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF FRESHWATER ALGAE (SPIROGYRA GENUS). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, JKUAT. http://localhost/xmlui/handle/123456789/3111
26. Swanson-Mungerson, M. A., Incrocci, R., Subramaniam, V., Radowska, K., Hall, M., Williams, P., & Mayer, A. (2018). Oscillatoria sp. LPS activates human monocytes in a manner that is distinct from E. coli LPS. The Journal of Immunology, 200(1 Supplement).
27. Swanson-Mungerson, M., Incrocci, R., Subramaniam, V., Williams, P., Hall, M. L., & Mayer, A. M. S. (2017). Effects of cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. lipopolysaccharide on B cell activation and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Toxicology Letters, 275, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOXLET.2017.05.013
28. V, R., E, M., T, M., C, S., S, L., A, H., & S, C. (1997). New acylated sulfoglycolipids and digalactolipids and related known glycolipids from cyanobacteria with a potential to inhibit the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1. Journal of Natural Products, 60(12), 1251–1260. https://doi.org/10.1021/NP970327M
29. Wells, M. L., Potin, P., Craigie, J. S., Raven, J. A., Merchant, S. S., Helliwell, K. E., Smith, A. G., Camire, M. E., & Brawley, S. H. (2017). Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding. In Journal of Applied Phycology (Vol. 29, Issue 2, pp. 949–982). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5
30. Yasoubi, P., Barzegar, M., Sahari, M. A., & Azizi, M. H. (2007). Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extracts. J. Agric. Sci. Technol, 9, 35–42.