First Insight into Genetic Variation and Population Structure of The Emerging Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV, genus Citlodavirus)

Abstract

Citrus spp. is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions, including in Turkey and other Mediterranean countries. Due to its widespread vector and climate change, Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV), a member of the newly formed genus Citlodavirus, is one of the emerging viruses that can be a serious constraint to Citrus crops production in the coming years. Therefore, in-silico analysis on all available isolates in NCBI GenBank was performed to provide the first insight into the genetic population and evolution of CCDaV, which may contribute to its control. CCDaV phylogroups based on full genome, complete movement protein, and complete coat protein sequences were found to be not associated with isolate origins or host species, and all isolates also shared a high genetic identity among them. However, neutrality tests indicated that the current populations are expanding, driven by new mutations. Low Fixation index (FST) values (0.00000-0.36207) confirmed no genetic separation among different ORFs of isolates from three countries. The constructed TimeTree suggested that CCDaV emergence was very recent compared to the other three members of the genus Citlodavirus. Therefore, the obtained results of this study could also expand our knowledge on other even more obscure citladovirus and even other plant DNA viruses, which are still less studied than RNA viruses.

Keywords

• Divergence time
• Phylogenetic analysis
• Plant DNA virus evolution
• Population structure

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