Storage and In-vitro Germination of Some Olive Pollens

Abstract

In this study, the effect of storage at different times and temperatures on in vitro olive pollen germination was investigated. Pollens of Gemlik and Domat cultivars and GE119 and GK138 genotypes were stored at +4 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C for 7, 35, 200, and 365 days, respectively. In vitro germination status of pollen was determined by the petri agar method, by choosing the most suitable nutrient medium for each olive. The most suitable germination media for Gemlik, Domat, GE119, and GK138 pollens were 50 ml water + 15% sucrose + 0.7% agar + 75 ppm boric acid, 50 ml water + 15% sucrose + 0.7% agar, 50 ml water + 25% sucrose + 0.5% agar, 50 ml water respectively. The interaction effect between storage time, temperatures, and cultivar on pollen germination and diameter was determined. At the end of the storage period, the highest pollen germination and diameter were observed in the Gemlik cultivar. Additionally, -80 °C temperature for Gemlik and Domat cultivars and -20 °C temperature for GE119 and GK138 genotypes were suitable for 35 days of storage. All olive pollens in the current study had germination rates below 9% in the following storage periods. The results show that storing olive pollens at sub-zero temperatures will reduce the need for daily fresh pollen collection required for important scientific studies such as breeding and artificial pollination.

Keywords

• Olea europaea L.
• Gemlik
• Domat
• Genotypes
• Pollen preservation

Supporting Institution

Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

13B4347003

Thanks

The authors thank to Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Unit for financial support with the project numbered 13B4347003.

References

1. Alagna, F., Caceres, M. E., Pandolfi, S., Collani, S., Mousavi, S., Mariotti, R., & Barcaccia, G. (2019). The paradox of self-fertile varieties in the context of self-incompatible genotypes in olive. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 725. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00725.
2. Aldahadha, A. M., Al Sane, K., Bataineh, A., Alloush, A. A., & Hammouri, Z. (2019). Pollen viability and in vitro germination of six pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars grown in northern Jordan. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33(3), 441-446. doi:10.13128/ahs-23998.
3. Altunbaş, D., & Engin, H. (2016). Brassinostreoid ve gibberellik asit uygulamalarının in vitro’da kirazlarda (Prunus avium L.) çiçek tozu çimlenmesi ve canlılığı üzerine etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 99-103.
4. Besnard, G., Terral, J. F., & Cornille, A. (2018). On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives. Annals of Botany, 121(3), 385-403. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx145.
5. Bhat, Z. A., Dhillon, W. S., Shafi, R. H. S., Rather, J. A., Mir, A. H., Shafi, W., Rahid, R., Baht, J. A., Rather, T. R., & Wani, T. A. (2012). Influence of storage temperature on viability and in vitro germination capacity of pear (Pyrus spp.) pollen. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(11), 128. doi:10.5539/jas.v4n11p128.
6. Bolat, İ., & Güleryüz, M. (1994). Bazı kayısı çeşitlerinde polen muhafazası üzerine bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 159-166.
7. El Kadri, N., & Ben Mimoun, M. (2020). In vitro germination of different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen sources from Southern Tunisia under the effect of three storage temperatures. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(3), 1519-1529. doi:10.1080/15538362.2020.1815116
8. Ferri, A., Bellini, E., Padula, G., & Giordani, E. (2008). Viability and in vitro germinability of pollen grains of olive cultivars and advanced selections obtained in Italy. Advances in Horticultural Science, 22(2), 116-122.

9. Gencer, C. D., & Özkaya, M. T. (2020). Tarsus koşullarında yetiştirilen domat, gemlik ve sarı ulak zeytin çeşitlerinin farklı tozlayıcı koşullarındaki pomolojik özellikleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 30, 938-949. doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.776531.
10. Güçlü, S. F., Kaçal, E., & Koyuncu, F. (2021). Bazı böğürtlen çeşitlerinin çiçek tozu performanslarının farklı inkübasyon sıcaklıkları ve süreleri boyunca belirlenmesi. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31(1), 74-83. doi:10.18615/anadolu.950076. Hechmi, M., Khaled, M., & Echarari, F. (2015). In vitro pollen germination of four olive cultivars (oleaeuropaea l.): effect of boric acid and storage. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 10(2), 55-67. doi: 10.3923/ajpp.2015.55.67
11. Isocrono, D., & Vallania, R. (2009) Fioritura e fruttificazionedell’olivo in Piemonte paper presented at L’olivicoltura in Piemonte, II Technical Meeting, Grugliasco, Italy.
12. Javady, T., & Arzani, K. (2001). Pollen morphology of five Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 3(1), 37-42.
13. Kılıç, T., Doğan, E., Dursun, H.B., Çamurcu, S., Ünsal, H.T., Kazaz, S. (2009) Bazı gül tür ve çeşitlerinde çiçek tozu bekletme süresinin polen canlılık ve çimlenme gücüne etkileri. Bursa Uludag Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34, 173-184.
14. Koubouris, G. C., Metzidakis, I. T. & Vasilakakis, M. D. (2009). Impact of temperature on olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen performance in relation to relative humidity and genotype. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67, 209-214. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.06.002
15. Koubouris, G. C., Metzidakis, I. T., & Vasilakakis, M. D. (2012). Intraspecific variation in pollen viability, germination and ultrastructure of Olea europaea L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(70), 13442-13446.
16. Koyuncu, F. (2006). Response of in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of strawberry cultivars to temperature. European Journal of Horticultural Science 71(3): 125.
17. Kuroki, K., Takemura, Y., Jiang, M., Marumori, H., Teratani, N., Matsumoto, K., Matsumoto, T., & Tamura, F. (2017). Pear pollen selection using higher germination properties at low temper‐ atures and the effect on the fruit set and quality of Japanese pear cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 216, 200-204. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.01.013.
18. Luza, J. G., & Polito, V. S. (1988). Cryopreservation of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) pollen. Euphytica, 37(2), 141-148. Martínez-Gómez, P., Gradziel, T. M., Ortega, E., & Dicenta, F. (2000). Short-term storage of almond pollen. HortScience, 35, 1151-1152. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.35.6.1151.
19. Mertoğlu, K., Evrenosoğlu, Y., & Altay, Y. (2018). Eskişehir ekolojisinde 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidine uygun tozlayıcıların belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 89-97. doi: 10.19113/sdufbed.24496.
20. Mesnoua, M., Roumani, M., & Salem, A. (2018). The effect of pollen storage temperatures on pollen viability, fruit set and fruit quality of six date palm cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 236, 279-283. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.053
21. Mortazavi, S. M. H., Arzani, K., & Moeini, A. (2010). Optimizing storage and in vitro germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pollen. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12, 181-189.
22. Özcan, A. (2020). Effect of low-temperature storage on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pollen quality. HortScience, 55(2), 258-260. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI14660-19.
23. Özcan, A., & Bükücü, Ş. B. (2020). Düşük sıcaklıklarda depolanan Trabzon hurması çiçek tozlarının kalite durumlarının belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 30(2), 345-354. doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.667521.
24. Özkaya, M. T., Ulaş, M., & Çakır, E. (2008). Zeytin Ağacı ve Zeytin Yetiştiriciliği. In F. Göğüş, M. T. Özkaya & S. Ötleş (Eds.), Zeytinyağı (olive oil) (pp. 1–25). Eflatun Yayınevi, Ankara,
25. Petruccelli, R., Giordano, C., Salvatici, M. C., Beghè, D., Rodolfi, M., Fabbri, A., & Benelli, C. (2021). Characterization and conservation of “Olivo della Strega”: an ancient olive tree, precious resource for natural and cultural heritage. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 32(2), 311-324. doi:10.1007/s12210-021-00989-z.
26. Pham, V. T., Herrero, M., & Hormaza, J. I. (2015). Effect of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). Scientia Horticulturae, 197, 470-475. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.10.007.
27. Pinney, K., & Polito, V. S. (1990). Olive pollen storage and in vitro germination paper presented at the International Symposium on Olive Growing, Spain.
28. Quinet, M., & Jacquemart, A. L. (2020). Troubles in pear pollination: effects of collection and storage method on pollen viability and fruit production. Acta Oecologica, 105, 103558. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2020.103558.
29. Sánchez-Estrada, A. and Cuevas, J. (2018). ‘Arbequina’ Olive Is Self-incompatible. Scientia Horticulturae 230; 50-55.
30. Sanchez-Estrada, A. and Cuevas, J., (2019). Pollination Strategies to Improve Fruit Set in Orchards of ‘Manzanilloʼ Olive in a Nontraditional Producing Country, Mexico. American Society for Horticultural Science. Volume 29: Issue 3 (Jun 2019). Page: 258–264.
31. Sánchez-Estrada, A., & Cuevas, J. (2020). Profitability of artificial pollination in ‘Manzanillo’ olive orchards. Agronomy, 10(5), 652. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10050652.
32. Vasilakakis, M., & Porlingis, I. C. (1985). Effect of temperature on pollen germination, pollen tube growth, effective pollination period, and fruit set of pear. HortScience, 20(4), 733-735.
33. Zambon, C. R., Silva, L. F. D. O. D., Pio, R., Bianchini, F. G., & Oliveira, A. F. D. (2018). Storage of pollen and properties of olive stigma for breeding purposes. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 49, 291-297. doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20180033.
34. Zohary, D., Hopf, M., & Weiss, E. (2012). Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The origin and spread of domesticated plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford University Press.