Effects of Quince Rootstocks and Pear Cultivars on Fruit and Yield Characteristics

Yıl 2023, , 288 - 297, 30.06.2023

Tahsin Kurt , Ahmet Öztürk , Zaki Ahmad Faızı , Yakup Polat

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1263145

Öz

The research carried out to evaluate effects of quince rootstocks [Quince Province BA29 (BA29), Quince A(QA), Quince C (MC)], pear cultivars, and research years on fruit quality and yield efficiency in the years 2020-2021. The highest fruit weight was obtained from BA29 (196.02 g), the lowest from MC (158.09 g). In the cultivars the highest fruit weight was obtained from ‘Abate Fetel’ (210.85 g), the lowest from ‘Santa Maria’ (156.73 g). The highest number of fruits (17.06 pieces tree-1), yield per tree (3.13 kg tree-1), yield per hectare (5982.8 kg ha-1) and yield per trunk cross sectional area (0.30 kg cm-2) obtained from BA29 followed by QA. In the cultivars, highest number of fruits (19.60 pieces tree-1), yield per tree (2.98 kg tree-1), yield per hectare (5685.00 kg ha-1) obtained from ‘Santa Maria’. In the research years, pre-harvest fruit drop rate (PHFDR 11.04%) and black spotted fruit rate (BSFR 13.79%) observed to be higher in 2021, while marketable fruit rate (MFR 77.03%) observed to be higher in 2020. In the rootstocks, the highest PHFDR (11.24%) observed on BA29 rootstocks, while highest MFR (73.72%) recorded on QA. In terms of cultivars, the highest PHFDR (10.73%) observed in ‘Williams’, while highest BSFR (16.41%) in ‘Deveci’, and highest MFR (76.31%) in the ‘Santa Maria’. As a conclusion, the highest yield and marketable fruit rate obtained from ‘Santa Maria’ cultivar and yield from BA29 rootstock. It could be suggested semi-dwarf cultivars and rootstocks for suitably performs under high density pear orchards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black spot, Fruit breeding, Marketable rate, Pyrus communis, Yield efficiency

Destekleyen Kurum

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

PYO.ZRT.1904.20.007

Teşekkür

We thank the Ondokuz Mayıs University Scientific Research Projects Office (OMU-BAP) for supporting the project with the code PYO.ZRT.1904.20.007.

Kaynakça

• Askari, K. O., Jafarpour, M., Hadad, M. M., & Pessarakli, M. (2019). Fruit yield and quality characteristics of ‘Shahmiveh’ pear cultivar grafted on six rootstocks. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42 (4), 323-332. doi:10.1080/01904167.2018.1555592
• Bhat, R., Hussain, S., Sharma, M. K., & Singh, A. (2017). Effect of Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pear cv. Carmen under high density planting. Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University, Kashmir, India.
• Cabrera, D., Rodriguez, P., & Zoppolo, R. (2015). Evaluation of Quince and Selected ‘Farold®’ Pear Rootstocks for Commercial ‘Williams B.C.’ Production in Uruguay. Acta Hort., 1094, 159-162. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1094.19
• Erdem, H., & Ozturk, B. (2012). Yapraktan uygulanan çinko'nun BA29 anacı üzerine aşılı armut çeşitlerinin verimi, mineral element içeriği ve biyokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (1), 93-106.
• FAO. (2023). World pear production list. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Access date: 15 May 2023.
• Francescatto, P., Pazzin, D., Gazolla, N. A., Fachinello, J., & Giacobbo, C. (2010). Evaluation of graft compatibility between quince rootstocks and pear scions. Acta Horti, 872, 253-260. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.872.34
• Ikinci, A., Bolat, I., Ercisli, S., & Kodad, O. (2014). Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. Santa Maria in semi-arid conditions. Biological Research, 47 (1), 1-8. doi:10.1186/0717-6287-47-71
• Ikinci, A., Bolat, İ., Ercisli, S., & Esitken, A. (2016). Response of Yield, Growth and Iron Deficiency Chlorosis of ‘Santa Maria’ Pear Trees on Four Rootstocks. Not Bot Horti. Agrobo, 44 (2), 563-567. doi:10.15835/nbha44210501
• Ikinci, A. (2017). The Effect of Different Pear Rootstocks on the Performance of Pear Cultivars Grown in Semi-Arid Climate and High Calcareous Soil Conditions. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2 (1), 1-8.
• Jovanovic, M., Milosevic, T., Milošević, N., Ercişli, S., Glišić, I., Paunović, G., & Ilić, R. (2022). Tree Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality Attributes of Pear Grown Under a High-Density Planting System on Heavy Soil. A Case Study. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 1-10. doi:10.1007/s10341-022-00671-0
• Kucuker, E., Ozturk, B., Ozkan, Y., & Yıldız, K. (2015). Yapraktan Üre Uygulamasının Farklı Armut (Pyrus communıs L.) Çeşitlerinde Verim, Meyve Kalitesi ve Bioaktif Bileşikler Üzerine Etkisi. Niğde Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 4 (2), 78-86.
• Kucuker, E., & Aglar, E. (2021). The Effect of the Different Training Systems on Yield and Vegetative Growth of ‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Deveci’ Pear Cultivars. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31, (4), 870-875. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.940463
• Kellecioglu, K. (2014). Bursa koşullarında yetiştirilen Santa Maria armut çeşidinin hasat olgunluk zamanın saptanması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimler Enstitüsü. Çanakkale, Türkiye.
• Ladaniya, M. S., Marathe, R. A., Das, A. K., Rao, C. N., Huchche, A. D., Shirgure, P. S., & Murkute, A. A. (2020). High density planting studies in acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Scientia Hortic., 261, 108935. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108935
• Ladaniya, M. S., Marathe, R. A., Murkute, A. A., Huchche, A. D., Das, A. K., George, A., Kolwadkar, J. (2021). Response of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) to high density planting systems. Scientific Reports, 11 (1), 1-11. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89221-4.
• Lepaja, L., Kullaj, E., Lepaja, K., Shehaj, M., Zajmi, A. (2014). Fruit Quality Parameters of Five Pear Cultivars in Western Kosovo. Agriculture & Food, 2, 245-250.
• Musacchi, S., Iglesias, I., & Neri, D. (2021). Training systems and sustainable orchard management for European pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Mediterranean area: A review. Agronomy, 11 (9), 1765.
• Ozturk, A., & Ozturk, B. (2014). The rootstock influences growth and development of ‘Deveci’ Pear. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Science, 1, 1049-1053.
• Ozturk, B., Özkan, Y., Kılıç, K., Uçar, M., Karakaya, O., Karakaya, M. (2015). Braeburn Elmasının (Malus domestica Borkh.) Hasat Önü Dökümü ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Hasat Öncesi Bitki Gelişim Düzenleyici Uygulamalarının Etkisi. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG) , 32 (1) , 68-76 . doi:10.13002/jafag808
• Ozturk, A., Demirsoy, L., & Demirel, G. (2016). Seçilmiş Bazı Armut Genotiplerinin Samsun Ekolojisindeki Fenolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 45 (1), 1084-1089.
• Ozturk, A., Aydın, E., Öztürk, B.. & Ağlar, E. (2021). The effect of protective netting on fruit diameter, quality classification black spotted and discoloring fruit ratios of ‘Granny Smith Challenger’. Journal of Postharvest Technology, 9 (4), 59-66.
• Ozturk, A., Faizi, Z. A., & Kurt, T. (2022). Performance of Some Standard Quince Varieties under Ecological Conditions of Bafra, Samsun. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32 (2), 320-330. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1058908
• Ozturk, A., & Faizi, Z.A. (2022). Comparative Evaluation of Pear Performances Under High- and Low-Density Planting Systems cv. ‘Santa Maria’. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 1-10. Doi:10.1007/s10341-022-00741-3
• Ozdemir, A. E., Dilbaz, R., & Kaplan, A. (2009). Niğde İlinde Modern Elma Yetiştiriciliğinin Bir Örneği. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 2 (1), 169-175.
• Pasa, M. D. S., Fachinello, J. C., Schmitz, J. D., Souza, A. L. K. D., Franceschi, É. D. (2012). Desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade de peras sobre porta-enxertos de marmeleiro e Pyrus calleryana. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 34 (3), 873-880. doi:10.1590/S0100-29452012000300029
• Pasa, M. S., Fachinello, J. C., Rosa, Júnior, H. F., Franceschi, E., Schmitz, J. D., & Souza, A. L. K. (2015). Performance of ‘Rocha’ and ‘Santa Maria’ pear as affected by planting density. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50, 126-131. doi:10.1590/S0100-204X2015000200004
• Pasa, M. S., Silva, C. P., Carra, B., Brighenti, A. F., Souza, A. L. K., Schmitz, J. D., Katsurayama, J. M., & Ciotta, M. N. (2017). Fruit set and yield of ‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Abate Fetel’ pears are increased by early spring application of aminoethoxyvinilglycine (AVG). Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Lages, 16 (4), 487-491.
• Pasa, M. D. S., Schmitz, J. D., Rosa, J. D., Souza, A. L. K. D., Malgarim, M. B., & Mello-Farias, P. C. D. (2020). Performance of ‘Williams’ pear grafted onto three rootstocks. Revista Ceres, 67, 133-136. doi:10.1590/0034-737X202067020006
• Poornima, M. H., Gopali, J. B., Athani, S. I., Venkateshalu, P. S., & Suvarna, P. (2018). Impact of ultra-high density, high density and conventional planting systems on major insect pests of mango. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud, 6, 292-297.
• Sakaldaş, M. (2016). ‘Deveci’ Armut Çeşidinde Hasat Öncesi 1- Methylcyclopropene (Harvista) Uygulamalarının Meyve Dökümü Ve Olgunlaşmaya Etkileri. Meyve Bilimi, 1, 105-111.
• Sincan, T., Yıldırım, A. N., Çelik, C., & Bayar, B. (2020). ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ Elma Çeşidinde Metil Jasmonat (Meja) ve Aminoethoksivinilglisin (AVG) Uygulamalarının Hasat Önü Dökümü ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15 (1), 41-55.
• TSI. (2023). Turkish Statistical Institute. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr. Accessed: 15 May 2023.
• TSMS. (2022). Turkish state meteorological service. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/tahmin /il-ve-ilceler.aspx?m=SAMSUN#/. Accessed: 25 May 2022.
• Uysal, E., Sağlam, M. T., & Büyükyılmaz, M. (2016). Deveci armut çeşidinde farklı azot uygulamalarının verim ve bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Bache, 44 (1), 1-13.
• Unsal, Y. E., & Yıldırım, A. N. (2017). ‘Scarlet Spur’ Elma Çeşidinde Aminoethoksivinilglisin (AVG) Uygulamalarının Hasat Önü Dökümü ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2), 55-65.
• Urbanovich, O., & Kazlovskaya, Z. (2008). Identification of Scab Resistance Genes in Apple Trees by Molecular Markers. Scientific Works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Sodininkyste Ir Daržininkyste. 27 (2), 347-357.
• Zhang, J., Serra, S., Leisso, R. S., & Musacchi, S. (2016). Effect of light microclimate on the quality of ‘d’Anjou’ pears in mature open center tree architecture. Biosystems engineering, 141, 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.11.002