CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals

Galad Barre Yusuf; Ustun Sahin

doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1634422

CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals

Abstract

Organic fertilization plays a crucial role in enhancing crop yields and water efficiency in agriculture. Nevertheless, it is equally vital to consider how irrigation practices can impact the potential for CO2 emissions during short-term crop production. A field study was conducted on curly lettuce, comparing two doses of cattle manure (M1 and M2, with approximately 3% and 4.5% soil organic matter content, respectively) with mineral fertilization (F). Irrigation intervals were set at every two (IR1) and four days (IR2). The M2IR1 treatment had the highest seasonal average CO2 emission of 0.909 g CO2 m-2, which was 90.2% higher than in the FIR1 treatment. The emission quantities exhibited a strong linear correlation with soil organic matter and moisture contents. The M2 treatment had the highest marketable yield at 7.84 kg m-2, which was 5.7% and 12.7% higher than in the M1 and F treatments, respectively. The M2IR2 treatment had the highest emission per kg yield at 143.5 g CO2, which was 83.7% higher than the FIR1 treatment. The M2 treatment provided lower evapotranspiration values. CO2 emission per m3 of water use in the M2IR2 treatment was the highest at 8.50 kg CO2, which was 217.2% greater than in the FIR1 treatment. The study concluded that reducing water usage and increasing yields under manure-fertilized conditions may not lower CO2 emissions per unit of yield and water use for lettuce in the short-term period.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Water Management

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Galad Barre Yusuf
0009-0004-9193-4075
Türkiye

Ustun Sahin ^*
0000-0002-1924-1715
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 30, 2025

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

February 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 19, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 35 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1634422

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94GB87PH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yusuf, G. B., & Sahin, U. (2025). CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(3), 564-575. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1634422

AMA

1.Yusuf GB, Sahin U. CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals. YYU J AGR SCI. 2025;35(3):564-575. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1634422

Chicago

Yusuf, Galad Barre, and Ustun Sahin. 2025. “CO₂ Emissions Per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized With Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35 (3): 564-75. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1634422.

EndNote

Yusuf GB, Sahin U (September 1, 2025) CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35 3 564–575.

IEEE

[1]G. B. Yusuf and U. Sahin, “CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals”, YYU J AGR SCI, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 564–575, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.1634422.

ISNAD

Yusuf, Galad Barre - Sahin, Ustun. “CO₂ Emissions Per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized With Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35/3 (September 1, 2025): 564-575. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1634422.

JAMA

1.Yusuf GB, Sahin U. CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals. YYU J AGR SCI. 2025;35:564–575.

MLA

Yusuf, Galad Barre, and Ustun Sahin. “CO₂ Emissions Per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized With Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 35, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 564-75, doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1634422.

Vancouver

1.Galad Barre Yusuf, Ustun Sahin. CO₂ Emissions per Unit of Yield and Water Use for Lettuce Grown in Soil Fertilized with Manure and Irrigated at Different Intervals. YYU J AGR SCI. 2025 Sep. 1;35(3):564-75. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1634422